Ⅰ 动词的语气

语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人持有的态度或看法.

Ⅱ 相关知识点精讲

1.虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法

⑴ 辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.

If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.

⑵ 虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表：

if条件句中的谓与动词

主句的谓与动词

与现在的事实相反

1. 行为动词用did 形式

2. be动词用were

should / would /could might + 动词原形

与过去的事实相反

had + done

should / would /could might + have done

与将来的事实相反

1. 行为动词用did ;

be动词用were

2. should + 动词原形

3. were to + 动词原形

should / would /could might + 动词原形

⑶ 混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1) If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.

2) If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.

3) If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

⑷ if虚拟条件句中的到装

如果虚拟语气的条件从句中含有were, had, should可将if省略，把were, had, should放在主语前面。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.

Were I you, I would do more practice after class.

Should you meet him, you would greet him.

2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用

(1) 动词wish后的宾语从句, 表示不能实现的愿望，表示“但愿...;… 就好了;可惜…悔不该…;

① 与现在事实相反的愿望，从句的谓动词用过去式

I wish that he weren’t so lazy. I wish I were ten years younger.

② 与过去事实相反的愿望：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：had done或would, could, might have done。

I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.

I wish that you had been here yesterday.

③表示将来的愿望时：从句动词would/could/might + 动词原形，常表达不满意，烦恼等。

I wish he would try again.

He wishes that we would visit the old school.

(2)虚拟语气用于as if/though 引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其中动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。