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1. include vt 包括;包含

Price $14.90, postage included. 价格14.90美元，邮资包括在内。

He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.

他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。

1)including为介词，后接名词、代词作宾语。

There were six people in the room, including 3 women.房间里有六个人，包括三个妇女。

2)included为过去分词充当的形容词，无比较级和最高级，其前常用名词或代词。

It is reported that nine people were killed in the aircrash. an American included.

据报道九个人在坠机事件中丧生, 包括一个美国人在内。

3)比较 include，contain

include作“包含”解时，其后的宾语只是整体的一部分。

Contain作此意解时，其后的宾语指的是整体的全部。

Six were killed, including a boy.连一个男孩在内，共有六个人死亡。

Our textbooks contains twelve units.我们的教科书包括十二个单元。

2. restore vt

1) 归还 to restore stolen property 归还赃物

2)恢复;复兴 to restore law and order 恢复法律和秩序

3)恢复健康;复原 restored after one's holiday 假期之后健康恢复了

3. rebuildv. 再建;重建  rebuild a house after the fire.火灾后重建房子。

注意：re-前缀，加在动词或名词前。“重新”。如：rewrite, reopen, revisit, remake, reprint, reread.

4. burnvi, vt  burnt 或 burned, burning

1) 燃烧 The house is burning. 房子烧起来了。

2) 发光;照亮 a light burning 灯光亮着

3) 发热;炙热 the burning sand 炙热的沙子

4) 热衷 She is burning to tell you the news. 她急于要告诉你这消息。

Everybody is burning to know the good news.大家都急于想知道这则好消息。

5) 烧伤;烧坏;烧毁 He burnt all his papers. 他烧毁了(他)所有的文件。

n. 烧伤 burns on her hand 手部的烧伤 burn up (因热度过高)烧坏; 快速旅行;赶路to burn up the road 赶路

5. beauty n.

1) 美，美貌 a flower of great beauty 一朵非常美丽的花

2) 美人;美的事物 Your daughter is quite a beauty. 你的女儿很漂亮。

3) 极好的(或极坏的)人或事物

That black eye you got in the fight is a real beauty! 你那被打得乌青的眼睛可真漂亮喔!

6. photographvt 照相;为…而拍照

We photographed the school team. 我们给校队照了个相。

1)n.照片, 相片;逼真的印象[描绘]

2)have [get] one's photograph taken(=sit [pose]for one's photograph)请人拍照

3)have a photograph taken with和... 合影; take a photograph of拍摄

She has had no photographs of herself taken since her marriage.自从结婚后她一直没拍过照片。

7. damage n

1) 损失;损害，损坏

The storm did a lot of damage to the crops. 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。

2)(前面与the连用)价钱

What are the damage for the wash job of my car? 清洗我的车要多少钱?

3) (pl) 赔偿费 to claim damages索赔

The court awarded ￡500 in damages to the injured. 法庭判给受伤者500英镑的赔偿费。

vt 损害，损坏;使受损失

The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。

8. project n计划;设计

an impossible project 不可能实施的计划

a project to build a new road 建一条新路的规划

1) 突出;使突出

The wall is projected in the middle. 这堵墙壁在中部凸出。

His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。

2) 投掷;扔;发射; 扩散

A singer must learn to project his voice so as to be heard in a large hall.

"歌手必须学会把声音送得远,使会堂里的人都听得见。"

3) 表现(自己);突出(自己)

A politician must project himself if he wants to win an election.

政治家如想赢得选举胜利必须表现自己。

9. official adj

1) 官方的; 正式的

The mass media demanded that all the official documents concerning the sale of this land be made public. 大众媒体要求公布有关出售这块土地的全部正式文件。

2)an official letter 公函;  official price 官方牌价;

an official title 官衔; official news官方消息

Although the retired architects of the party do not occupy any official positions, they have a lot of authority. 虽然党的缔造者们现在不担任正式职务,但他们很有一些影响。

3)n. 官员; 公务员

an official in the department of health 卫生部门的官员

10. breathn

1) 呼吸;气息 a deep breath 深呼吸

Let me get my breath back. 让我喘口气。

How long can you hold your breath? 你能屏住气多长时间?

2) 微风 hardly a breath of air 几乎没有一点风

3)习惯用语：catch one's breath屏息;歇一口气：hold one's breath屏息;take breath歇息

waste one's breath白费口舌;take one's breath away 目瞪口呆;大为惊讶

The original picture of the unknown ancient painter took my breath away.

那幅不知名古代画家的真迹使我惊讶不止。