关系词

先行词

从句成分

例   句

备   注

关系代 词

who

人

主语

Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that

whom

人

宾语

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

whose

人或物

定语

I like those books whose topics are about history.

The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.

that

人或物

主语，宾语

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

which

物

主语，宾语

The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

The picture which was about the accident was terrible.

as

人或物

主语，宾语

He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

as做宾语一般不省略

关系副 词

when

时间

时间状语

I will never forget the day when we met there.

可用on which

where

地点

地点状语

This is the house where I was born.

可用in which

why

原因

原因状语

I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.

可用for which

情   况

用法说明

例   句

只用that的情况

1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时

2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时

3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

4.先行词既指人又指物时

5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时

6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时

1.He told me everything that he knows.

2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

5.He is the only man that I want to see.

6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom的情况

1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。

1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.