阅读理解题有三篇文章,每篇文章300~500词，下面是2017届北师大版高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练，希望考生可以认真练习。

A

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.

Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.

The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs--or intelligence quotients--of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.

Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.

1.Which could be the best title of the passage?

A. Punishment

B. The Best Way to Influence Behavior.

C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?

D. Two Recent Studies.

2.The underlined word “spanked” probably means______.

A. won B. punished C. tested D. praised

.According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is______.

A. rewarding good behavior

B. correcting bad behavior

C. punishing badly-behaved children

D. praising well-behaved children试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。

1.选择最佳标题。A项太片面;文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B;D项不够具体;根据第二段“One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.”和第六段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。

.猜测词义题。根据带第六段“who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。

.推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及;根据倒数第二段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”和最后一段“the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C;根据第二段“adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards”和第六段“five points higher than those who were”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与奖励有关，故选A。B

(2016·陕西省九校联考)More than 4 in 10 cancers — 600,000 in the UK alone — could be prevented if people led healthier lives, say experts. The population of the UK is about 63,000,000.

Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor, followed by unhealthy diets. The charity advises people to live healthily, limit alcohol intake and do regular exercise.

According to the figures from 2007 to 2011, more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking. A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food. Obesity contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200. Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors.

Professor Max Parkin, a Cancer Research UK statistician, says, “There's now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk, with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.”

“Of course everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don't want to ban beef pies and wine but it's a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.”

“Leading a healthy lifestyle can't guarantee someone won't get cancer but we_can_stack_the_odds_in_our_favour by taking positive steps.”

Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk. It says campaigns such as Smokefree, Dry January and Change4Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness. It's important that we not only continue to make progress in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments, but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer.

1.Which of the following is the third biggest avoidable cancer factor?

A.Obesity.　　　　　　　B.Alcohol intake.

C. Unhealthy diets. D.Physical inactivity.

2.According to Professor Max Parkin, ________.

A.it's OK to drink wine during festivals

B.the causes of cancer are still unclear now

C.unhealthy food should be completely banned

D.a healthy lifestyle will protect us from cancer

3.By saying the underlined words in Paragraph 6, Professor Max Parkin means we can________.

A.help others

B.improve our lives

C.discover cancer early

D.decrease our cancer risk

4.What's the main idea of the text?

A.Most cancers are caused by smoking.

B.Cancer is greatly linked to our lifestyle.

C.There are different factors that lead to cancer.

D.Public awareness should be raised to prevent cancer.

1.解析：选A　细节理解题根据第三段内容可知可避免的致癌因素中排名第一的是吸烟第二是不健康的饮食第三是肥胖第四是喝酒解析：选A　细节理解题根据第五段中的“everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don't want to ban beef pies and wine”可知Max Parkin 教授虽然极力倡导健康的生活方式但他认为节假日期间少量喝酒还是可以的解析：选D　句意理解题根据第四段中的“certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk”可知生活方式的选择对得癌症的几率有很大的影响因此健康的生活方式虽然不能确保我们不得癌症但可以“降低我们得癌症的几率”解析：选B　主旨大意题本文前三段通过数据等说明可避免的致癌因素的前几名都跟生活方式有关第四五六段引用 Max Parkin 教授的话进一步证明了生活方式与癌症之间的关系最后一段通过英国公共卫生局的官方发言再一次说明了健康的生活方式可以降低得癌症的几率故选B项Part of a research study，by scientists at McMaster university，which is ongoing into the influence of drinking milk after heavy weightlifting，has observed that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.

The scientists took three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in total，and put them through a strict，five­day­per­week weightlifting program over a 12­week period.Following their workouts，study participants drank either two cups of skim milk (脱脂奶)，or a soy beverage with equivalent amounts of protein and energy，or a carbohydrate beverage (碳酸饮料) with an equivalent amount of energy.

Upon the study’s conclusion，scientists observed that：the milk drinking group had lost nearly twice as much fat—two pounds—as those in the carbohydrate beverage group，who lost one pound of fat.Those drinking soy lost no fat.At the same time，the gain in muscle was much greater among the milk drinkers than either the soy or carbohydrate beverage participants.

As published in the first stage of the study，the milk drinking group came out on top in terms of muscle gain with an estimated 40 percent or 2.5 pounds more muscle mass than the soy beverage drinkers.In addition，this group gained 63 percent or 3.3 pounds more muscle mass than the carbohydrate beverage drinkers.

“I think the evidence is beginning to increase，”says Stuart Phillips—the leader of the study.“Milk may be best known for its calcium (钙) content in supporting bone health，but our research，and later others’，can continually support milk’s ability to aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat loss.Milk is the ideal post­workout drink for recreational exercisers and athletes alike.”

1.According to the study，which is the best drink for exercisers to lose weight?

A.Fruit juice. B.Soy beverage.

C.Skim milk. D.Carbohydrate beverage.

解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知。

答案：　C

.From the passage we can learn that milk has a good effect on all of the following EXCEPT________.

A.muscle gain B.brain development

C.bone health D.fat loss

解析：　细节理解题。根据前三段可知，牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，故A、D正确;根据最后一段中的“Milk may be best known for its calicium content in supporting bone health”可知C也正确，所以答案为B。

答案：　B

3.According to the passage，we can know that________.

A.the scientists chose people aged 18,30 and 56 as participants of the research

B.the weightlifting program which study participants attended was 84 days in total

C.people who drink milk every day are always healthier and thinner than others

D.soy beverages are better than carbohydrate beverages for exercisers to gain muscle

解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists book three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in total，”可知A错误;根据第二段中的“put them through a strict，five­day­per­week weightlifting program over a 12­week period.”可知B错误;文章提到喝牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，但是并没有提到每天喝牛奶的人会比其他人健康、苗条，故C也错误。

答案：　D

.What does Philips want to tell us?

A.More evidence is needed to strengthen their research.

B.Milk has more calcium than soy or carbohydrate beverages.

C.The calcium in milk can also help gain muscle and lose fat.

D.Athletes should be forbidden to drink other beverages except milk.

解析：　细节理解题。由“...but our research，and later others’，can continually support milk’s ability to aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat loss.”可知答案。

答案：　A

.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.What exercisers should do to lose weight.

B.How milk influences people’s health and figure.

C.The differences between milk and soy or carbohydrate beverages.

D.A research on the effect of drinking milk—gain muscle and lose fat.

解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，即喝牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，所以答案为D。

答案：　D