词法的研究范围包括词类和各类词的构成、词形变化，以下是语法素质提升训练，请考生及时进行练习。

一、单句填空

1.(2015·北京，22改编)—Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes，We________(treat) well by our hosts.

答案：were treated　根据上下文，这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，并且“我们”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗?——是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。

2.(2015·北京，26改编)In the last few years，China________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

答案：has made　时间状语in/over the last few years通常与现在完成时连用。句意：在过去的几年中，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。

3.(2015·北京，30改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

—All right.I________(call) him later.

答案：will call　据第一句的时态判断，Dr. Jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话是将来的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再给他打。

4.(2015·天津，6改编)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she________(teach) a class at that time.

答案：will be teaching　根据题干时间状语3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，动作发生时间为将来;而句尾的at that time为一个特定的时间点，因此，该题强调在将来的大时间背景下的某一个特定时间点发生的事，故用将来进行时。

5.(2015·天津，9改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement________(reach) so far by the two sides.

答案：has been reached　本句中的时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，为现在完成时的标志词。reach no agreement短语中no agreement作主语，reach要用被动，故结合时态可知填has been reached。

6.(2015·陕西，22改编)Marty ________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

答案：has been working　由后文提示he'll have finished it by Friday可知，work动作发生在过去，延续到现在，现在还在进行，故要用现在完成进行时态。句意：马蒂一直在非常认真地写书，他认为他在周五前将会完成。

7.(2015·安徽，24改编)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ________(leave) my book in the cafe.

答案：had left　“我把书忘在了咖啡馆”发生在“我意识到这件事”之前，而“我意识到”是发生在过去的一个动作，故“忘记”应用过去完成时。

8.(2015·安徽，29改编)It is reported that a space station ________(build) on the moon in years to come.

答案：will be built　时间状语in years to come(在将来的几年里)，故主语从句的时态用一般将来时;太空站是被建造，用被动语态。

9.(2015·浙江，8改编)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he ________(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

答案：would be　主句时态是过去时，从句动作在过去的时间上看是将来的事情，故用过去将来时。

10.(2015·湖南，22改编)As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

答案：will find　一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时会出现表示将来时的时间状语，若不出现时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现数百万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。

11.(2015·湖南，28改编)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that?”

答案：was looking　题干中没有出现具体的时间状语，可以从意义上去把握。此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must thave sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时。句意：他一定感觉到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么一直那样盯着我看?”

12.(2015·湖南，32改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

答案：was held　被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。hold back阻隔，隐瞒。句意：我非常想进去玩玩具，但是我幸好被橱窗阻隔了。根据句意，此句含有被动语态在里面，hold back要用被动语态。

13.(2015·四川，4改编)More expressways________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

答案：will be built　根据题干中的时间状语soon可知，用将来时。expressways与build为被动关系，用被动语态。句意：四川不久将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地经济的发展。

14.(2015·重庆，1改编)—Is Peter coming?

—No，he ______(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

答案：changed　句意：——Peter来吗?——没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

15.(2015·重庆，13改编)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______(be) cut.

答案：has been　表示动作已经发生或完成用现在完成时。句意：在我的家乡，收麦过后农民会举行一个丰收晚宴。

16.(2015·福建，26改编)To my delight，I ________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

答案：was chosen　主语I与choose之间为动宾关系;再由语境可知，choose的动作已经完成，故要用一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：令我高兴的是，我被从数百名参与者中选中参加开幕式。

17.(2015·福建，30改编)—Where is Peter?I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and ________(write) his essay there ever since.

答案：has been writing　由句子中的时间状语ever since可知，本句要用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时态。由语境可知，write动作现在还在进行，要用现在完成进行时态。句意：——皮特呢?我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去图书馆了。自那之后就一直在那儿写文章。

18.(2015·江苏，30改编)The real reason why prices________(be), and still are，too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

答案：were　根据语境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想说明prices过去也高。故用过去式。该题中still是关键。句意：价格过去高，现在仍旧太高的原因很复杂，短暂的讨论是不能令人满意地解释这个问题的。

19.(2015·四川成都七中段考改编)The young firefighter insisted that he ________(be) well­prepared and ________(send) there to put out the fire.

答案：was;(should) be sent　句意为：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了，并且坚持要去那里救火。当insist意为“坚持说;坚持认为”时用陈述语气，故第一空填was;当insist意为“坚持”时，从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”，又因为firefighter与send之间为被动关系，故填(should) be sent。

20.(2015·浙江金华十校联考改编)Many parents don't want to face it, but the world today is a lot different than it ________(be) in their school days.

答案：was　句意为：(尽管)许多父母不愿意去面对，但今天的世界与他们在学校的岁月已大不相同。根据语境及时间状语in their school days可知用一般过去时。