语法是语言学的一个分支，以下是语法专题强化训练，请考生及时进行练习。

一、单句填空

1.(2015·北京，33改编)I truly believe________beauty comes from within.

答案：that　考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接作用的that。

2.(2015·陕西，19改编)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

答案：what　考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知，此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。从句中缺少achieved的宾语，故要用what来引导。句意：读她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。

3.(2015·安徽，25改编)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.

答案：what　what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。

4.(2015·浙江，6改编)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

答案：what　investigate后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。

5.(2015·湖南，26改编)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

答案：where　本题考查宾语从句的引导词。You have to know后面是一个宾语从句，________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there是一个完整的句子，应用连接副词where来引导从句。句意：如果你要计划去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你要去哪里。

6.(2015·重庆，8改编)We must find out ______ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.

答案：when　考查宾语从句。find out后面接一个宾语从句，根据句意应用when。句意：我们必须弄明白Karl什么时候来，这样我们才能给他预订房间。

7.(2015·福建，29改编)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

答案：how　句意为：——我想知道玛丽这么多年是如何保持良好的身材的。——每天坚持锻炼。wonder后是宾语从句，根据答语中的by可知第一句就方式提问，故填how，意为“如何，怎样”。

8.(2015·浙江杭州一模改编)We know from the survey on cigarettes ________ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.

答案：that　句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词that引导。

9.(2015·湖南长郡中学月考改编)Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium­sized cities, there are now signs ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.

答案：that　句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。

10.(2015·重庆一中检测改编)Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know ________ he said meant to the black.

答案：what　句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填what。

11.(2015·浙江温州十校联考改编)New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.

答案：that　句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。

12.(2015·天津十二区县联考改编)There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.

答案：that　句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。

13.(2014·湖南，24改编)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

答案：what　句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。

14.(2014·陕西，15改编)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

答案：When　句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on是句子的谓语，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。

15.(2014·福建，34改编)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.

答案：what/whatever/anything　句意为：振作起来，勇气就是去做(任何)你害怕做的事。分析题干可知，doing后为宾语从句，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语且表物。也可填anything。

16.(2014·安徽合肥教学质检改编)The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.

答案：whoever　句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。

17.(2014·四川成都二诊改编)I couldn't imagine ________difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.

答案：how　句意为：我无法想象这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。

18.(2014·四川，2改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.”

答案：where　句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。