Review of units 1—3

一. 重点词汇

1. as

as作为连词，引导时间状语从句，“当……的时候”，一般用于一般过去时。

例如：

As he explored the sea，he took a lot of pictures. 他在探海时，拍了许多照片。

还可以引导原因状语从句，只说明一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常放在句首，有时也放在句尾。

例如：

As the car is expensive，we can’t buy it. 由于汽车太贵，我们买不起。

As everybody has come，we can set off. 既然大家都到了，我们可以动身了。

as　soon　as　一……就

例如：

As soon as he arrived in France，he called me. 他一到法国，就给我打电话。

as…as…　表示双方程度相等，“和……一样”。

基本句式：

A、主语+谓语(系动词)+as+原级形容词+as…

例如：

Xiao Li is as tall as his brother. 小李和他哥哥一样高。

Your jacket is as new as mine. 你的茄克衫和我的一样新。

B、主语+谓语(行为动词)+as+ 原级副词 +as…

例如：

He speaks French as fluently as you. 他说法语和你说得一样流利。

Wang Ying teaches maths as conscientiously as her sister.王莹教数学和她姐姐一样认真。

2. a few;few;a little;little

few或a few在句中修饰可数名词，后接可数名词复数;也可用来代替复数名词。其中few表示否定，意为“几乎没有”，a few则表示肯定，意为“有一些”。

例如：

Few people lived here many years ago.许多年前几乎没有人住在这儿。

Look!You made a few mistakes in your homework. 看!你在作业中出了几处错。

little或a little在句中修饰或代替不可数名词。其中little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”，a little表示肯定，意为“有一点”。

例如：

—How much wine did he have last night? 昨天晚上他喝了多少酒?

—Just a little. 只喝了一点点。

Hung up，we have little time left. 快点，我们没有多少时间了。

a little还常用来修饰形容词、副词、动词，也可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。

例如：

All of them felt a little tired.So they stopped to have a rest.

他们都感到有点累，所以他们停下来休息。

Lucy runs a little faster than I.露茜跑得比我快一点。

3. a little和a bit

a bit和a little通常可互换，也可修饰动词、形容词、副词。但在修饰名词时有区别：a little可直接修饰不可数名词;而a　bit则要与of搭配才能修饰名词。

如：

Please open the windows.It's a bit hot.请把窗户打开，有点热。

This morning he only had a bit of milk for breakfast.今天早上他早餐只喝了一点牛奶。

注意：

not…a little意为“非常、很多、不少”，相当于very或quite等;而not…a bit则表示“一点也不”，相当于not at all等。

例如：

The boy isn't a bit hungry. 那男孩一点也不饿。

The boy isn't a little hungry.那男孩非常饿。

4. besides，except，but

这三个词都可以用来表示转折，但是用法有所区别：

(1)except与besides 用于肯定句时，except意为“除…外(不再有)”;besides意为“除…外(还有)”：

例如：

We all passed the exam besides Tom. 除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了(汤姆也及格了)

注意：

besides在句中的位置较活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中或句末;而except多放在句尾。

(2)except前几乎总有all，any，every，no及其复合词等词，而besides前面可用也可不用，依句意而定：

例如：

He answered all the questions except the last one. 除最后一个问题没答外，其余问题他都答了。

All of them went to Beijing last summer besides Tom. 除了汤姆外，他们去年夏天也都去过北京。

(3)except，but，besides用于否定句时，可以互换。

如：

There aren’t any other people to be considered besides/except/but you.

除你之外，其他人将不予考虑。

I didn’t look anywhere besides/except in your bedroom. 除了你的卧室外，我哪儿也没去找。

(4)but和except都可以和for连用，构成短语;也可跟 that 从句做宾语。

如：

l asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week.

我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。

You can't succeed in the exam but/except that you will work still harder.

你若不比以前学习更用功些，是不可能考上的。

二. 重点句型

1. There be …

是“某处有某人或某物”的句型表示“存在”，注意：本句型要用就近一致的原则。

另外，There be句型有一些扩展形式：There + live(lie，stand，come，go)+主语+其它。

如：

(1)Once upon a time，there lived a king.

(2)There goes the bell.

(3)On the hill(there)stands a house.

注意此句：There will have a class meeting this Thursday afternoon.是错误的。

应将其改为：There will be a class meeting this Thursday afternoon.

对there be句型中的主语提问时，无论主语是单数还是复数都用“What’s + 地点状语?”

如：

There are five apples on the plate.→What’s on the plate?

2. too…to，so…that…和enough to do sth. 的句式在一定的情况下可以互换。

(1)在肯定句中含so … that …的复合句可以转换成含有enough to do sth. 结构的句子。

如：

He worked so hard that he finished the work in time.

→He worked hard enough to finish the work in time.

If your son feels well enough to watch TV by then，he’ll be fine after the game.

→If your son feels so well that he can watch TV by then，he’ll fine after the game.

(2)在具有否定意义的句中，三者可以相互转换，但应注意too…to在和enough to do sth. 与so…that…转换时，应用句中形容词的反义词或将that从句改为否定句。

如：

He is too young to join the army.

→He is so young that he can’t join the army.

或：He isn’t old enough to join the army.

(3)如果so…that…结构中主句和从句的主语不是一致的，应在enough to do sth和too…to结构中的不定式前加上“for sb.(sth.)”的短语。

如：

English is so useful that all of us should learn it well.

→English is useful enough for us to learn well.

The maths problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.

→The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.

或: The maths problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out.

3. like后既可接动词-ing形式，也可接动词不定式。含意却有所不同。

如：

He likes swimming in Summer.(表示习惯爱好)

It’s very hot. He would like to(have a)swim.

(表示具体的一次行为)：hate等也有类似的用法。

三. 综合检测

Ⅰ. 看图，根据句意将单词填写完整。

1. The new hospital is a big b_ _l_ _ng.

2. Some sc_ _nt_ _ts believe that there will be such robots in the future.

3. They help their mother with the h_ _s_ _ork.

4. We buy a t_ _k_t to get a seat on a bus，train，or airplane.

5. It’s a lovely p_rr_t，isn’t it?

6. There is a big k_t_h_n in the house.

Ⅱ. 单项选择

1. There is going to ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.

A. be　　 B. have　 C. open　 D. hold

2. ______ I open the window? It’s so warm here.