在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were。
构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语
如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语
如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?
(2)实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did。
肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语
如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday。(我昨天九点钟回的家。)
否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)
疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)
否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我没回家。)
(3)助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall― should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will― would(将要)用于所有人称
can ?could(能,会) may― might(可以) must― must (必须)
have to― had to(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。
如: I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
(4)一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
1) 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如:play― played work― worked
2) 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如:like--- liked love― loved
3) 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed. 如:study― studied carry― carried
4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed. 如:stop― stopped
(5)--ed的读音规则如下:
1) 在清辅音后面读[t]。
2) 在浊辅音或元音后读[d]。
3) 在[t] 和[d] 后读[id]。
(6)不以ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。
一般过去时态的“三变”技巧
一变:肯定句变为否定句
【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket。
【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me。
【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs。
二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?
三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?
2、关于名词所有格:(仅限于小学阶段 's所有格的用法)
(1)表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加's。例如:
Jim's bed 吉米的床
the man's wife 那个男人的妻子
children's toys 孩子们的玩具
the fox's tail 狐狸的尾巴
(2)以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如:
the students' books 学生们的书
Teachers' Day 教师节
my boss' office 我老板的办公室
a girls' dormitory 女生宿舍
(3)表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加's(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上's(或')。例如:
Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有)
Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)
(4)'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象
1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如: