编辑:
2012-08-09
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1.名词词组:on the contrary相反;in turn依次;in one’s opinion根据某人的看法;off time准时;out of reach够不着
2.动词词组:remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……;restdt from由……引起;call at访问(某地)
3.形容词词组:be curious about对……好奇;be proud of因……而自豪;be popular with受到……的欢迎
4.介词短语:apart from除……Pb;in addition to除……之外(还);because of因为;instead of代替;in fear of为……提心吊胆;for fear of以免;in case of防备;thanks to由于;in the middle of在……中间;according to根据;in front of在……前面;in return for作为对……的回报;in charge of负责;as a result of作为……的结果;in exchange for与……交换等
典例: Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.
A of B as C by D with
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名.
考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析
1.表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,如:in the 1990s,in January,in(the)winter
in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel
2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
有些时间名词前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修饰时,不接介词。如:
that day,next Sunday some day,one day
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:
He waited for me till twelve o’clock.
He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)
但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用?until?。如:
Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.
(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如:
from July to September,from six to (till) eight(从……到……为止),但from morning till night(从早到晚),不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词
(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天,但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材),by electricity,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope
(3)交通工具类。另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于,用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……帮助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)
One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官,但by hand“手工,用手”)
He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)
注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如:
in high(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise, in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。
(1)besides “除……以外,(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。如:
It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired.
(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。如:
We all went except John.
在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:
He has no other hats except/besides this one.
(3)except for“除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与except that+句子意思相同。如:
He was very clever except for carelessness.
(4)except that...“除了……一点以外”。如:
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。All but one are here.Nobody but I likes making model ships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to);but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事,can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……,but for...如不是……
7.介词的省略:
介词for表示时间的省略要求。
标签:高三英语教案
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