5.except / besides

1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范围之内.

注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也没有.

2).besdies除了……之外,还有…… . 包括在范围之内.

We all went swimming ______ Lucy .

There is _______ a letter in the box .

We study Japanese and French____ English .

6.with / without

1).with具有,含有 -----反义词: without 没有

词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to

without one’s help

2).without 的用法:

A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物

B).without + doing sth .

He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us

C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.

If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .

7.on the tree /in the tree

on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.

There are some apples _____ the tree .

There is a boy ____ the tree.

8.since / for

注: since / for 用于现在完成时.

1).since :

a).since +时间点

b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时

c).since +一段时间+ ago.

2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago

9.be made +介词的区别:

be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)

be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)

be made in +地点 由哪儿生产

be made by sb. 由某人制造

10.表示 “数量的介词”

about , round around over

1). about , round around表示 “大约……”

2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.

11.inside / outside

Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面

12.in the wall /on the wall

in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”

九.不用介词的情况:

1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.

What are you going to do tonight ?

2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语.