中考英语习惯用语复习指导

正误辨析

[误] - What can I do for you?

- Yes, please help me

[正] - What can I do for you?

- I‘d like to buy a sweater

[析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。

[误] - Which colour do you like?

- Sorry, I don’t like

[正] - Which colour do you like?

- I prefer blue

[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it

[误] Do you like to come with us tonight?

[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?

[析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：

Shall we go? 我们走吧!

Let‘s go? 让我们走吧!

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?

Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?

其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure

[误] - What‘s the problem?

- I’ve got a headache

[正] What‘s wrong with you?

I’ve got a headache

[析] What‘s wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What’s the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。

[误] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?

- Perhaps You’d better do your homework first

[正] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?

- I’m afraid not You‘d better do your homework first

[析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I’m afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：

I‘m afraid that you are right

其后直接加宾语从句。

- Will you come to my birthday party?

- I’m afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital

其后+not,表示否定。

- Sorry, I don‘t want to go there alone, I’m afraid of the dog

其后+名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。

Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam

其后+ of + 动名词，表示害怕做某事。

Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn‘t do well in the exam

其后+ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。

[误] - How soon will you be ready?

- Two days

[正] - How soon will you be ready?

- In two days

[析] 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是“还有多久才能作完”，这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。

[误] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

- I don’t mind

- Monday and Tuesday of next week

[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

- When exactly

- Monday and Tuesday of next week

[析] 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don‘t mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。

[误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“

[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?”

[析] 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问“Who’s that(speaking)?”但不要讲“Who are you?”如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲“This is ×××× speaking”而不要讲“I‘m ××××”也不要讲“My name is ×××××。” 就语法而论，“Who are you?” “I’m ××××”“My name is ×××××”并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。

[误] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?

- I don’t hope so

[正] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?

- I hope not

[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope soI believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don’t think so 但I don‘t believe so 和 I don’t hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!

[误] - Is anybody there?

- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

[正] - Is everybody there?

- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

[误] - Your handwriting is very good!

- No, my handwriting is very poor

[正] - Your handwriting is very good!

- Thank you

[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。

[误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I‘ll go first”

[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I have to go”

[析] 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I’ll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。

[误] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

- I‘d like to, and I’m too busy

[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

- I‘d like to, but I’m too busy

[析] I‘m too busy 与 I’d like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。

[误] - Where‘s Deter

- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn’t very sure yet

[正] - Where‘s Deter?

- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn’t very sure yet

[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。

[误] - Hi, haven‘t seen you for ages! You look fine!

- Great　 You look well too

[正] - Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine!

- Thanks　 You look well too

[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。 所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。

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