句型［主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+compared with+被比对象］

1.    By comparison with 1948, the foreign trade turnover of that country in 1957 increased 3.5 times.

2.    The number of pupils in this city has increased 6 times in comparison with1990.

3.    With the result of automation productivity has increased (risen to) sixty-six fold in that factory.

4.    Now the industry of this country has attained over six times of the pre-war output.

5.    Last year, the production of different kinds of farm tools in our factory increases (to) nine times, compared with 1999.

句型［主语+increase/rise等+(by)百分数+compared with…］

1.    The output of July in our factory increased (by) 250% compared with that of January.

2.    Many countries have increased their farm output by 100 percent or more within a short space of time.

3.    Over the past 17 years, Daqing has increased its annual output of crude oil by an average of 28 percent.

4.    In 2007 crude oil production rose 150% compared with 2005, fulfilling the company plan two months ahead of schedule.

[注1] by表示增加的净数，也可用于倍数，如：It exceeded our estimate by 3 times.

The enemy's forces were more than ours by 4 times.

[注2] 注意下面成语所含倍数的意义，加again 表示增加一倍，如：

He has books as much (many) as she.   He has books half as much again as she.

分数减少表示法

句型［主语+reduce等+宾语+(by)分数或百分数…］

1.    The invention of many new tools in our factory has reduced the cost of production (by) one third, while the output has gone up (to) 160 percent.

2.    The price of farm tools in our factory has reduced (或decreased) tow fifths.

3.    It has reduced the amount by one half.

句型［主语+reduce等+(from)…to+分数或百分数］

1.    At that time industrial output in that country had sunk (或 had fallen等) two thirds.

2.    Agricultural tax has reduced from 12% in the early post-liberation years to five%.

3.    By the end of 2006, the share of the private dealers in this city had fallen to 5%.

计量表示法

句型［主语+measure+数词+单位+long等形容词/ in length等］ 　　［主语+be+数词+单位+long等形容词/ in length等］［主语+attain+a length等+数词+单位］

1.    The tree is about sixty feet high (或in height). (= The tree attains a height of about sixty feet.)

2.    She was tall, near six feet in height, but slenderly formed.

3.    The bird is about six inches long and weighs three quarters of an ounce.

4.    I found myself alone in a vast room, between two and three hundred feet wide and about two hundred high, lying in bed twenty yards wide.

5.    "How wide is the river?" - "It's above ten meters wide (或in width)."

6.    Last year the snow attained a thickness (或fell a depth) of three feet here.

7.    He is 150 pounds in weight (= He attains a weight of 150 pounds).

8.    The police searched all the fields and woods within a radius of two miles.

句型［主语+measure/be+（长度）数词+单位+by+(宽度) 数词+（单位）］

1.    This room measures twenty feet by fifteen. (= the room is twenty feet in length and fifteen feet in breadth.)   2.  The bed is six feet by four and a half feet.

3.  "What size is that table?" "It measures three feet by three."

句型［主语+cost/ be worth+数词+单位］［主语+be valued/ be rated+at+数词+单位］

1.    "How much is it?" - "It costs above ten dollars" (= the price of it is above ten dollars.)

2.    This pen costs me five Yuan.

3.    It's worth 12 shillings, but this is not worth more than ten shillings.

4.    He valued the house for me at 350,000 Yuan.

加减乘除表示法 　　句型［甲数+plus/ and/ added to+乙数+is/are/ will be/ equals/is equal to/ makes/gets+和数］

1.    How much is (或makes) two plus four?   How many are two and four?

What are two and four?  回答：The total (sum) is six.

2.    Two plus four equals six.  Two and four is (are) six.  Two plus four is equal to six.

Two added to four equals six.  Two and four makes (make) six.  Tow plus four will be six.

If we add two to four, we get six.

句型［甲数+minus/ less added to+乙数+is/ equals (或is equal to)+差数］ 　　［乙数+taken/ subtracted+from+甲数+leaves+差数］

1.    How much is eight minus (less) three?  What is three from eight? 回答：The difference is five.

2.    Eight minus (less) three equals five.  Eight minus three is (are/ is equal to) five.

Three taken from eight leaves five.  Three (subtracted) from eight and the remainder is five. (five remains).  Subtract three from eight and the remainder will be five.

句型［甲数+multiplied by+乙数+is/ equals (或is equal to) 等+积数］

[Multiply+甲数+ by+乙数+is/ equals (或is equal to) 等+积数]

[once, twice, three times…+乙数+is/ equals (或is equal to) 等+积数]

1.    How many are three multiplied by four?  What is three multiplied by four?

How much gives three times four?  What is three times four? 回答：The result is twelve.

2.    Three multiplied by four equals twelve.  Multiply three by four gives twelve.

Multiply three by four, we get twelve.  Three times four is twelve

[注] 1x1=1  Once one is one.  2x1=2 (Twice one is two.)

(a+b) (a-b)=a2-b2  A plus b multiplied by a minus b is equal to a squared minus b squared.

150x 2/5=60  One hundred and fifty multiplied by two fifths equals sixty.

One hundred and fifty times two fifths are sixty.

句型［甲数+divided by+乙数+gives 等+商数］/［Divide+甲数+ by+乙数+gives等+商数］

[乙数+into+甲数+goes+商数]

1.    8÷2=?  How many is eight divided by two?  How many times does two go into eight?

回答：The quotient is four (times).

2.    8÷2=4  Eight divided by two makes four.  Divide eight by two equals four.

Divide two into eight and you get four.  Two into eight goes four times.

[注1] 9÷2=4余1  Two into nine goes four times, and 1 remainder.  Nine divided by two gives four, and 1 remainder.

9÷2=4 又1/2 Divide nine by two and you get four and a half.  Divide two into nine and you get four and a half.

[注2] 加减乘除综合式 (3+8-2) ÷3x5=15  Three plus eight minus two, all divided by three multiplied by five equal fifteen.

名量词与不定量数目 　　句型［…数词+名量词+of+实物名词…］

常用量名词有：1. a glass of wine  2. a bottle of oil  3. a bowl of rice  4. a jug of tea  5. a cake of soap  6. a lump of sugar  7. a sheet of paper  8. a loaf of bread  9. a pair of scissors  10. a party of travelers  11. a bunch of flowers  12. a set of books  13. a suit of clothes  14. a drop of blood  15. a grain of sand  16. a mouthful of food  17. a handful of seed  18. a ray of hope  19. a crowd of children  20. a flock of sheep等。

1.    Add three spoonfuls of water, please.  2. I want two pounds of butter.

3.  May I offer you a glass of wine?  4. Please give me two sheets of paper.

5.  I bought a new pair of scissors yesterday.  6. He took three bottles of brandy.

句型［主语+谓语+（宾语）+状语（at a+名量词）］

常见at a+名量词的词组有：1. at a time  2. at a blow  3. at a draught=at a draft  4. at a mouthful  5. at a stretch  6. at a bound  7. at a glance  8. at a sitting  9. at a stroke等。

1.    I killed two flies at a blow.  2. The doctor saw at a glance that the child had measles.

3.  The job was finished at a sitting (a stretch).  4. He leaped over the fence at a bound.

5.  The students walked twenty miles at a stretch.

6.  The Young Shock Brigade worked two shifts at a stretch.

句型［…one等基数词+of +范围词］/［…不定量词+of +范围词］［…定量词+of +范围词］

常见词组有：1. one of… 2. many of us (them…)  3. some of them  4. everyone of us  5. few of us  6. both of the sisters  7. any of these  8. most of them  9. all of us  10. a small number of…  11. a great number of…  12. a number of…  13. a great deal of  14. a lot of people  15. plenty of people  16. hundreds of…  17. thousands of people  18. a couple of…

1.    Lei Feng is one of our country's great and glorious fighters.

2.    He set an example to all of us.  3. Every one of us has great faith in the lofty cause of Communism.

4.  We meet with a great deal of difficulties, but finally we overcome all of them.

5.  Half of the semester has passed, and we are ready to meet a check in teaching and learning.

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