4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.

例如：The old man died five months ago.

The old man has been dead since five months ago.

The old man has been dead for five months.

It's five months since the old man died.

Five months has passed since the old man died.

5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。

①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：

A：I saw they were playing football on the playground.

B：I saw them playing football on the playground.

A：The teacher found that she was very clever.

B：The teacher found her very clever.

A：He found that it was hard to learn English well.

B：He found it hard to learn English well.

A：We are sure that we will win to first match.

B：We are sure to win to first match.

由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：

A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?

A：We don't know what we should do next.

B：We don't know what to do next.

②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing…

例如：

A：They went home after they finished their work.

B：The went home after finishing their work.

A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China.

B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China.

When sb. +be+数词+years old→at the age of+岁数

A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper.

B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper.

③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to do或…enough to do……例如：

A：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

B：The box is too heavy for me to carry.

或：The box isn't light enough for me to carry.

A：The child is so old that he can go to school.

B：The child is old enough to go to school.

④由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如：

A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus.

B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.

⑤由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of…例如：

A：We didn't go to the park because it rained.

B：We didn't go to the park because of the rain.

⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：

A：The man who is on the bike is Jim.

B：The man on the bike is Jim.

A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss.

B：The man driving the red car is my boss.

A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister.

B：The girl called Mary is my sister.

6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…连句。例如：

A：I haven't seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasn't either.

B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long.

A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too.

B：Tom is good at both maths and French.

neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是both…and用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。

7、主动语与被动语态的互变。

“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：

A：They make watches in the town.

B：Watches are made by them in the town.

A：I can finish the work before eight.

B：The work can be finished(by me)before eight.

A：Do they grow rice in South China?

B：Is rice grown in South China?

注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to.

A：I saw him take your umbrella.

B：He was seen to take your umbrella.

8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如

A：Chinese is the most important subject of all.

B：Chinese is more important than any other subject.

A：This exercise is easier than the other two.

B：This exercise is the easiest of the three.