1 主语+不及物动词(+状语) The Frenchman coughed badly at night. / The city lies in a valley .

2 主语+连系动词+表语 That is a map of China. / That piece of meat looks quite good. / It sounds like the singing of rails .

3 主语+及物动词+宾语 You’re doing the right thing. / Jack likes to stay at home and play by himself .

4 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Can you tell me the way to the Summer Palace ? / It took me a week to finish the work.

5 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We call him Li Ming . / The rich man asked the singer to come up to the sitting room .

6 There +be+主语+状语 There are some flowers on the teacher’s desk . / There are 365 days in a year .

3.并列句：由并列连词把两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。常用的并列连词有and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neither…nor, either…or, still, however, not only…but also等。并列句的结构：简单句+并列词+简单。

Hurry up, or you’ll miss the early bus . / We love peace but we are not afraid of war . / He must be ill, for he is absent today .

She has not only knowledge, but also experience . / He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. / Work hard, and you will succeed .

4.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。从句可以担任复合句的主语(主语从句)、表语(表语从句)、宾语(宾语从句)、定语(定语从句)、状语(状语从句)。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。

A.状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较(或方式)和条件等类。

○1 时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, till(until), since, as soon as等连词引导。

主     句 从     句 例            子

一般将来时 一般现在时 I will go out for a walk if it doesn’t rain tomorrow .

带有情态动词  You must look left and right when you cross the crossing .

祈使句  Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back .

过去时的某种时态 过去时的某种时态 I went to bed at ten after the film was over. / The film had begun when I reached the cinema .

I was reading a book while he was singing a song .

○2 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。(注：在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时)。

I’ll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car .

○3 原因状语从句：由because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), for(因为)等引导。

He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night .

○4 目的状语从句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引导。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed .

○5 结果状语从句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。

The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead .

○6 比较状语从句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the(+比较级)…the(+比较级)等引导。

Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .

○7 地点状语从句：由where 和wherever等引导。地点状语从句位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开;位于句末时则不用逗号。

He follows her wherever she goes .

○8 方式状语从句：由as, just as…so, as if 等。As if 引导的从句的时态要用过去时(虚语语气)。

Please do as I do . / He tells me the whole thing as if he knew everything .

○9 让步状语从句：由though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter who等引导。

Although he has failed many times, he doesn’t give up trying .

B.宾语从句：由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。(宾语从句的语序永远是陈述语序)

○1 宾语从句的连词。

a. 如果宾语从句是从陈述句变化而来的，要用连词that来引导，that可以省略。

b. 如果宾语从句是从一般疑问句变化而来的，要用连词if或whether .

c. 如果宾语从句是从特殊疑问句变化而来的，连词就应该用特殊疑问词(what, when, where…)。

○2 宾语从句的时态：

主      句 从      句 例                    子

任何一种时态 一般现在时(表示真理、科学原理、自然现象) The teacher told / tells us that the earth goes round the sun.

一般现在时 任何一种时态 I hear that he will come back next week.

一般将来时  I will tell him that his father rang him up just now when he comes back .

一般过去时 过去时的某种时态 I wondered if Tom would come back ./ Lucy asked whether I had finished my homework .

○3 宾语从句的人称：人称代词要随合理的逻辑而自然变化。

She said, “I am much better than before.”--------She said that she was much better than before .