○4 用法：

A. 作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language .

B.  作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time .

C.  作宾语：

a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

b. 动词+疑问词+to do   I don’t know where to put the bike .

c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do   I find it important to learn a second foreign language .

D. 作补语：

a. 动词+宾语+to do  Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词  He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

E.  作状语：

a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons .  He got up early in order to catch the first bus .

b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther .   They aren’t old enough to go to school .

c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that .  I am glad to see you .

F.作定语：  I have something to tell you .     I want to buy something to eat .

○5 动词不定式to 的省略：

A. 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。

I often saw him go out of the room .-------- He was often seen to go out of the room by me .

B.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。

○6 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有时也可以用-never + to do 结构。

3.动名词：动词原形+ing 。具有名词、动词一些特征。

○1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

○2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)Children enjoy watching animated cartoon .   I don’t remember having ever seen the film .

○3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing)  I regret not being able to help you .

○4 用法：

A. 作主语：

a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。Learning English is very important .--- It’s very important to learn English .

b. No + 动名词表示“禁止”。No smoking,  No parking .

B. 作宾语：He finished doing his homework .

C. 作表语：His favourite sport is playing basketball .

D. 作定语：shopping basket, finishing line . (表明名词的用途、功能等)

E. 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。Do you mind my / Wei Fang’s opening the window ?

4.分词：动词原形+ing 。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。(可分为现在分词、过去分词)

现在分词

○1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

○2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状

态之前就发生)

○3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing)  No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn’t explain the sentence .

○4 用法：

A. 作表语。The result is surprising .

B.  作定语。Developing country (主谓关系)   sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)

C.  作状语。Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .

D. 作宾补。I found him lying on the grass.