类型 我的 你

的 他的 她

的 它

的 我们的 你们的 他们

的 My book is there.

Her father is a worker.

This bike is yours, ours is broken .

形容词性 my your his her its our your their

名词词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

反身代词 起强调作用，只作同位语和宾语 数      人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 We ourselves did the work.

He did the work by himself.

单  数 myself yourself himself herself itself

复  数 ourselves yourselves themselves

相互代词 表示相互关系，作宾语 宾        格 所  有  格 We should help each other.

Please correct each other’s mistakes .

each other(两者相互) each other’s(相互的)

one another(三者或三者以上) one another’s(相互的)

指示代词 起指示作用，作定语、主语、宾语、表语等 This, that, these, those, it, such, same  Take this book to his room.

My point is this .

不定代词 代替或修饰任何不定数量及不定范围的人或事物 some, any, no, none, many, few, little, all, both, every, one, either, neither, other, a few, a little, another, somebody, nobody, nothing, each I have something to tell you.

Neither answer is right.

疑问代词 表示疑问，构成特殊问句 who, what, whose, which, whom Whom did you see ?

关系代词 引导定语从句 which, that, who, whom, whose The book that I lost was new.

连接代词 引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) what, who, that  I know what you are doing .

That’s what I hope .

(七)动词

类        别 意        义 例        子 例         句

行为动词 含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 及物动词 后面一定接宾语 Open, visit, hear … He visited Gaozhou yesterday.

不及物动词 后面可以不接宾语 Laugh, cry, live … He lives in Beijing .

连系动词(link v) 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 Be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem …  The meat smells bad .

He is a student .

助动词(v.aux.) 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式 Do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would … He doesn’t speak English .

We are playing football .

He had gone to Beijing .

情态动词(Modal Verbs) 本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 Can, may, must, should, need, dear, shall, will, have to … She can speak English .

May I speak to Ann, please、

We must go now .

注：动词(除情态动词，只有原形和过去式)有原形、第三人称单数、动词-ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。

(八)介词

1.介词的种类：

○1 简单介词：in, at, of, from, since, around, to …

○2 合成介词：onto, into, without, upon, within …

○3 短语介词：because of, in front of, according to …

○4 分词介词：regarding, following, concerning …

2.介词短语在句子中的作用：

○1 作定语。I know the answer to the question .

○2 作状语。The children are playing basketball in the playground .

○3 作表语。Mike is in the classroom .

○4 作宾语补足语。He found himself in the middle of the river .

○5 作主语补足语。Tom was seen inside the cinema .