德州中考英语复习:主动语态和被动语态

编辑:sx_xiexh

2014-01-06

如何实现中考取得好成绩的目标,需要我们从各方面去努力。小编为大家整理了德州中考英语复习:主动语态和被动语态,希望对大家有所帮助。

语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态,如:We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态,如:Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。

一、主动语态改成被动语态方法  把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:

1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);

例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

二、被动语态的用法:

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词   Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词   A new shop was built last year.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词   This book has been translated into many languages.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词     Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词   Young trees must be watered often.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词   Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→   My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词   There are two books to be read. →   There are twenty more trees to be planted.

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。  What will happen in 100 years.   The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.  This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。   例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something   see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something   The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。   He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.   He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。   We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

小编为大家整理的德州中考英语复习:主动语态和被动语态就到这里了,希望同学们认真阅读,祝大家学业有成。

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