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专题三 非谓语动词

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命题点1动词不定式(to do something.)的用法(2011年、2010年各1次)

动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

1.作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则后置。常用句型：It?is 加形容词加(for/of) sombody.to do something.。如：

It?is nice of you to take pictures for us. 你真好，给我们照相。

2.作表语。常放于系动词be之后。如：

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(百闻不如一见。)

3.作宾语。常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：

would like/want to do

想要做like to do

喜欢做……agree to do

同意做……hope/wish to do

希望做……decide to do

决定做……try to do

尽力做……begin/start to do

开始做……expect to do

期望做……refuse to do

拒绝做……afford to do

有能力做……learn to do

学习做……plan to do

计划做……prefer to do

更喜欢做……continue to do

继续做……promise to do

承诺做……如：I would like to have a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。

4.作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：

I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。

5.作状语。如：

Paul is too excited to say anything. 保罗激动得说不出话来了。(结果状语)

He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。(目的状语)

I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital. 听说你妈妈生病住院了我很难过。(原因状语)

6.作宾语补足语。常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

tell somebody. to do

告诉某人做……ask somebody. to do

要求某人做……wish somebody. to do

希望某人做……invite somebody. to do

邀请某人做……want somebody. to do

想要某人做……teach somebody. to do

教某人做……allow somebody. to do

允许某人做……force somebody to do

强迫某人做……expect somebody. to do

期望某人做……help somebody. to do

帮助某人做……advise somebody. to do

建议某人做……persuade somebody. to do

劝告某人做……如： Tina told her sister to turn down the TV. 蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。

注意：在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。如：

I saw our English teacher enter the office just now. 刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。

命题点2“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法(2009年1次)

动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。如：

When to go to Beijing hasn?t been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)

I have not decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)

注意：“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：

Can you tell me where to get the scarf?

等于Can you tell me where I can get the scarf?

你能告诉我哪里能买到这条围巾吗?

命题点3动名词(v.?ing)的用法

动名词相当于名词，可作主语、表语、定语和宾语。

1.作主语。动名词(短语)作主语可以转换为句型：It is加形容词.加to do加something.。如：

Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.

等于It is bad for your health to eat too much junk food. 吃太多的垃圾食品对身体健康有害。

2.作表语。动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如：

His favorite sport is playing ping?pong.等于Playing ping?pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。

3.作定语。动名词(短语)作定语表示用途。如：

There were many people in the waiting room before dark. 天黑之前候车室里还有好多人。

4.作宾语。

◆常接动名词作宾语的动词有：

enjoy doing something.喜欢做某事

keep doing something.不间断地做某事

suggest doing something.建议做某事

finish doing something.做完某事

practice doing something.练习做某事

mind doing something.介意做某事

◆常接动名词作宾语的短语有：

be interested in对……感兴趣

give up放弃

put off推迟

feel like想要

have fun……有乐趣

have a hard time……有困难

look forward to盼望

pay attention to注意

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