编辑:
2014-01-08
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)
(填m ust be thrown away)
② Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:
① He told us a story.(变被动语态)
→We were told a story(by him).或:A story was told to us by him.
② Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
(填was given to)
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.
A.take away
B.taken away
C.are taken away
D.be taken away
[D]
② She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).
(填be taken good care of)
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
(填was seen to)
4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如:
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building
B.build
C.be built
D.built
[C]
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:
Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:
The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被 so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修饰。试比较:
He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
标签:漳州中考英语
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