此外，仅仅用自我面的数量来决定多重自我和整体自我跟情绪和心理适应的关系很可能是不够的，或许还存在其他的因素调节着这种关系，抑或跟多重自我或整体自我共同影响着个体的情绪和心理适应水平。如，有研究考察了自我控制力与自我复杂性、心理适应之间的关系[34]，结果发现个体如果知觉到对自己的自我面缺乏控制力的话，更高自我复杂度预示着更差的生理和心理适应，知觉到的对多重自我的控制力可以调节自我复杂度和幸福感之间的关系。

然而，这些理论都只是从单一、静态的角度来进行解释，或许多重自我和整体自我跟心理适应的关系就像分开评价和整合评价跟心理适应的关系一样具有动态性，人们在不同的情境里使用不同的自我知识组织结构才能得到最积极的情绪和最佳适应水平。

四、简评

自我知识是一个复杂的系统，它具有整体性、等级结构性、动态性、环境适应性等特征。如，从整体性和等级结构性的观点出发，可以把自我知识看作是由多个层次，各个层次又分别由多个自我概念构成的统一体;同时，这些自我概念还具有横向和纵向的联系，它们之间既协调又互相制约。导致自我复杂度与心理适应关系不一致结果的原因，除了自我知识的积极与消极属性之外，还很可能是因为复杂自我内部的各个次级自我之间缺少整合，从而使自我的整体性被削弱，影响到自我功能的正常发挥，因此表现出低水平的心理适应。而自我概念分化和自我清晰度则分别是自我知识整体性不同方面的表现，分开评价、整合评价与重要性突出，以及自我不和谐则是自我知识等级结构性的不同表现形式，它们跟心理适应水平的关系因此也具有不同的表现。此外，除了目前我们所知道的这些自我知识组织方式之外，很可能还存在其他自我知识组织的方式;而不同自我知识组织方式对心理适应的影响也可能存在交互作用，如Parker等人[35]发现自我复杂度可以调和现实一理想自我不和谐与边缘人格特征间的关系，对于低自我复杂度个体来说，现实一理想自我不和谐与边缘型人格特征间存在更强的相关。

就动态性和环境适应性的角度来说，自我知识组织的各个部分是不断调整的，它们之间的相互协调和相互制约使自我知识组织结构处于一种动态平衡中，以适应不断变化的外部环境。这种动态平衡在短期里表现为工作自我根据环境的不同而不断改变自身的结构，以达到最佳心理适应水平;在长期里则表现为自我知识组织的发展特点，如习得新的自我知识组织方式，或某种自我知识组织方式在长时间里被反复使用，从而形成一种相对稳定的自我知识结构特点。但目前在这方面的研究仍很缺乏，今后的研究需要发展新的研究手段工具以测量即时情境里的自我知识组织类型(或工作自我的组织结构特征)，并需要更多纵向的研究来考察自我知识组织的发展特点。

在方法论方面，目前大多数自我知识组织研究仍停留在对外在行为的宏观描述上，需要新的研究手段来考察自我知识组织的内部机制，及其生理基础。例如，自我组织研究以信息加工模型作为解释自我知识组织的基础，这必然涉及到认知操作的问题，但本文所讨论几种组织方式研究对认知操作的研究显然不够。像Linville提出的“溢出”操作就未得到足够的证据来证实它的存在，以及这种操作究竟是怎样发生的，且积极或消极事件所激活的自我知识量也还没有找到合适的方法来测量。而对自我知识组织生理基础的了解目前几乎是空白，怎样用生理心理学的方法来考察自我知识组织将是今后研究的一大挑战。最后，中国人的自我不同于西方人，怎样设计出能够测量中国人自我知识组织的有效工具乃是我们今后的重要工作。

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