⑧河北省文物管理处、邯郸市文物保管所：《赵都邯郸古城调查报告》，《考古学集刊》第4辑;石家庄地区文化局文物普查组：《河北省石家庄地区的考古新发现》，《文物资料丛刊》第1辑。

⑨《史记》卷93《韩信卢绾列传》。

 

 

 

 

 

 

城市中的排水系统则分为明渠与暗沟二种。磁县讲武古城发现有沟渠遗迹①，元氏故城和临城东柏畅村故城则均有埋藏于地下的陶制排水管道的出土②。地上、地下的排水道同城壕和天然河流紧密地结合在一起，构成了一个完整的城市排水网。

综上所述，河北地区的郡县城市以邯郸、涿、蓟等名都大邑为联结点，将自身纳入汉代的三级城市体系中，发挥着帝国中央政府地方统治据点的作用。河北地区汉代城市的地理分布和区域数量，奠定了后代城市发展的基本格局。城市分布南密北疏的格局至今未变。唐、北宋、明、清时期，河北境内县治以上城邑的数目分别为132、106、133和136，在数值上与东汉时期的130个极为接近。这表明，该地区的区域开发在汉代已臻于成熟。在城市的繁荣程度上，也独领一方风骚。汉初刘邦过曲逆城时曾慨叹：“壮哉县，吾行天下多矣，惟见洛阳与是而。”③《盐铁论·通有篇》言及天下名城十二，河北占其三：“燕之涿、蓟，赵之邯郸，……富冠海内，皆为天下名都。”它们作为区域政治、军事和经济中心，代表着地方社会经济的最高水平，带动着周边地区的发展。

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①河北省文物管理委员会：《河北磁县讲武城调查简报》，《考古》，1959年第7期。

②刘龙启、李振奇：《河北临城柏畅城发现战国兵器》，《文物》，1988年第3期。

③《史记》卷56《陈丞相世家》。

The Historical Investigation of Han's Cities in Hebei District

Abstract: As a part of a three-class city system in the Han Dynasty , the city network of Hebei district,which comprised some interconnecting famous and big cities such as Handan, Zhuo, Ji and so on, took on various traits itself. Some of the traits can be described as follows: it had influenced up to now that cities were distributed densely in the south and thinly in the north ; it was obvious that the new cities and the old ones differecl in various areas; it was also eye-catching that the quantity of mar- quis' counties affected more by political factors varied. The inner and outer city walls were combined into one; the internal functional areas of cities were more finely divided; the perfect systems of traffic and drainages were constructed on a large scale . The above reflect the level and trend of the cities' development in that period.

Key words: the Han Dynasty; Hebei; cities; area

威廉希尔app  历史学栏目