Reasons for world hunger

In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away.

2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops.

In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners.

In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops.

In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle.

四、 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文;要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测;它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有：

infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。

例如高考题：

Annealing

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.

1. Why do people put hot metal in water?

A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.

C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.

2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.

A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal

C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation

3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?

A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.

B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.

C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.

D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

1、答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B项明显错误;C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。

2、答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。

3、答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。

五、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

a. 定义法