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关于高考听力理解能力六点谈

2012-11-20

?When should Susan go to meet Professor Brown?

?What is wrong with the girl?

?What is the woman's house number?

?On which day will the Japanese Music Concert be held?

?How many things did the salesman show to the buyer?

?What's the man's job now?

?How does the man pay for the tickets?

?How much does the man want to change?

?Where is the woman going?

?What has John promised to do?

?Whom would they turn to for help?

?Which of the following is right/true?

?Why are many roads closed in the north?

?Why did the speaker get a parking ticket?

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3.推测谈话背景,判断人物身份(infer the background and speakers' relationship)

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要求考生理解对话地点、背景和对话者之间关系。从某方面来看,对对话或独白发生的背景 、说话者之间的关系的理解程度,也体现了考生对语篇整体输入、整体理解能力的高低。常见的考查背景的问题有:

?Where did the conversation most likely take place?

?Where are the two speakers talking?

?Where does this conversation take place?

?Who do you think Tom probably is?

?What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?

?Who is the speaker?

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4.领会弦外之音,理解观点意图(grasp the speakers'views, intention, and attitude)

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要求考生不仅能理解听到的内容的主旨大意,而且能通过其中的重要细节、具体事实 ,揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等,因为说话者总会有他(她)的意图:提出意见,回答问题,表达想法,或阐明观点。常见的有关意图的问题有:

?What does the woman mean?

?What does the speaker want to tell us?

?What can we know about the man?

?What can we learn from the speakers/conversation/story?

?What is the most probable result of the conversation?

?Which of the following words best describes the day the speker had?

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五、技巧点拨

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听力能力测试有心理、瞬时、信息三个方面的效应,决定听力能力高低的关键在于能否尽快理解所听材料的内在联系,领会其大意,抓住其重点。当然,听力测试也有一些应试技巧, 以求得考试状态最佳、应试更娴熟。

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1.安定情绪,集中精力(听前)

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听力能力也是对考生心理素质水平的检测。过于紧张焦急的情绪容易产生恐惧心理,有碍考生的正常发挥,听力反应速度、把握信息的准确度会大打折扣。听之前(或发卷时)首先要安定情绪,集中精神,做一点放松活动(比如数数、深呼吸、闭目片刻、整理试卷等),以便轻松、愉快、主动地进入答题状态。

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2.掠读题目,预测内容(听前)

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利用“试卷分发后”到“播放试音乐曲和试音材料后”之间的 时间(尤其是介绍每一节试题做法和播放每段对话或独白前的5秒钟),及时、迅速地预读题目(包括题干和选项);根据题干中的语言信息,预测对话或短文的语境、大意、人物身份等可能涉及到的内容;比较三个选项的异同,特别注意各选项中重复出现的词汇,从重复词入手,预测听的内容,并且可以确定听的关键(重复词以外的信息);这样听录音时就能做到有的放矢,有所侧重,提高答题的准确率。

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3.捕捉信息,速记要点(听中)

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听录音材料时,注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上,重在听懂每句话的意思和内涵,千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上,同时要特别倾听与所设置的问题相关的信息。听不清时马上放弃,不要强迫自己听清每一个词,要把重点放在听关键词即实词上,一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。前面遇到听不懂的地方可暂时放一放,听好后面的内容,集中精力抓住后面的信息(弃前保后、弃小保大、弃车保帅的原则)。

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听短文独白时,注意文章的首句和首段,因为首句和首段常常是对短文内容的概括,如主要内容、作者的观点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。

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听录音时,仅凭大脑的短时记忆是不够的,还在于借助笔记,扼要的记录是十分必要的。所以要迅速捕捉文中所涉及的人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when, what time)、地点(where)、原因(why)、方式(how)、程度(how long, how soon, how often, how much)、数字(how many/how much)、选择(which…)等信息,注意记笔记要提纲挈领(如关键词),当然不必记有把握的要点,从而帮助推测、帮助答题。