在第七十九课“The Last One”中，含有新词组：urge sb. todo sth.教师提供的情景是：Chocolate s do harm to my teeth.学生经过思考、分析后，会得出如下结论：So please don't urge me toeat lo ts of chocolates. /My parents never urge me to eatchocolates. etc.

在八十九课中，句型People will do anything to … even if …教师呈现的情景是：Beijing Duck is a world famous dish. 学生：Visitors from all parts of the world will do anything to tryBeijin g Duck even if they have to queue for a long time.

2)教师给出几个句子，学生根据句型连接成句

在八十九课学到We have had to … and there must have …一句时， 教师给出的句子是：They had to climb the Huan ShanMountain for five hours to get to the top. Some of them wereexhaus ted.. They gave up half way. 学生经过分析、 整理出：Theyhad to climb the Huan Shan Mountain for five hours and theremust have been some people who gave up half way.

3)教师给出题材

在九十课“Brasilia ”一文中的句型： The idea to …， willhave a (great ) effect on …

在教师的例句：The idea toimprove English through imitation practice has proved to havea grea t effect on students' English study 之后， 给出：importadvanced foreign technology学生就能仿说出 ：The idea to importadvanced technology will have a great effect on thedevelopment o f our country.

4)教师给出例句，让学生根据各自不同的经历及学识， 充分发挥想象力，积极思维，迅速用英文组织材 料，表达自己。

如八十九课中的句型：We all know what … should have said

──

… but what he actually did …学生经过约几十秒至一分钟左右时间

─

的思考，说出：We all know what the boy should have said tohis English teacher when they met this morning， but what heactually said was：goodbye.

We all know what the nervous little girl should have said，but what she actually said was： “I'm a schoolboy.”

通过上述不同的句型在不同的情景中的具体操练，更好地揭示了句型结构的运用，学生更易理解句子的意 义，能把注意力集中在语言的意义上，使学生忘却句型本身隐含的难度。这样，达到了句型操练的意义化，为 更高形式的交际活动打下基础。

3.在积累了一定的语言材料和句型结构的基础上，教师就可以引导学生进入到第三步——也就是小段的操 练上，如就文中某一人或物再现文中句子或发表个人观点;课文的复述;续写课文;课文中心思想的概括。不 同的年级应掌握相应的难度。

1)就文中某一人或物再现文中句子或发表个人观点

在七十三课“The Record Holder”一文中， 围绕文中的男孩可以说很多。如：The boy didn't like sc hool. He played truant. Hehitch — hiked to many places and travelled 1,600 miles. Hewas pi cked up by a policeman on the French — Spanish borderand was sent back home.以上小段的内容主要 来自课文， 但学生根据自己对课文的理解，重新进行了组织。这是一种创造活动。学生也可根据自己的理解， 加入自己的观点。The boy's very naughty. He wasnot well—behaved. He made his parents worried . He probablydidn't enjoy schoollife.这一小段的呈现说明了学生不仅彻底理解了课文，更重要的是他已 经与他的同学们和老师在交流自己对于这个男孩的看法了。是一种更高级的思维活动。

2)课文复述。要求学生尽量用自己的话、 学过的词及词组重新组织课文内容，以期新旧知识结合，达到 融会贯通之目的。

如在七十五课“SOS”中，教师可以根据学生的不同英语水平， 给出一些词及词组以降低难度：a light passenger plane—crashed —awoman and two baby daughters—snow—suitcase—next morning —heard— stamp—SOS—a pilot—rescued.学生很快就能说出：A lightpassenger plane crashed in the mountains. A woman and her twobaby—daughters were unhurt fortunately. Snow lay thick onthe ground.Th e woman turned the suitcase into a bed at nightand put her two babies in it. The next morning

she heard aplane flying over and she stamped out SOS in the snow. It wasseen by the pilot. They were rescued at last by a helicopter.

3)中心思想的概括