从某种意义讲,高考的书面表达实际上可算是段落写作.因此了解段落写作的特点对提高我们的写作水平是十分必要的.
一般来说,段落包括三个组成部分:
(1)主题句 点出段落的主旨.
(2)推展句 说明或支持主旨.
(3)结尾句 总结,归纳或概括主旨.
例:
Advertisements are useful to the manufactures.(主题句)With their help,the manufactures can provide people with information about their new products--their good quality,their cheap prices and their popularity.(推展句)As a result,they might sell well,which, in return,may greatly benefit the manufactures.(结尾句)
了解了段落构成特点,那我们如何写作呢?
1.主题句的确定
主题句是英语段落构成的主要特点.一般情况下,主题句的位置都在段落的开头,用来表达段落的中心思想,简明告诉读者段落内容.为便于展开下文,主题句一般要具备下面的特点:
(1)主题句的内容要明确具体,具有特定性和单一性,切忌笼统.
比较:
a. Water is important.
a' Water is important to us.
b Tom is a good student.
b' Tom is a hard-working student.
(2)主题句的语言要简洁,开门见山.下面是2003年一考生的答卷开头:You said you were going to learn Chinese in Jinhua Chinese shool and asked me to find a flat for you.Now I am writingto tell you something about the one I've found for you.这个开头就不甚简练,倒不如一语概之:I'm glad to know that you will come to China and I've found a flat for you.
再如1999年NMET开头就可以直接点题 Many great changes have taken place in the school 然后按方位描述各处变化
2.主题句的展开
主题句仅仅提出作者的基本观点,要使读者明白并同意作者的基本观点,就要展开主题句.展开主题句要做到中心思想集中
一个段落要有一个中心.展开段落一定要紧紧围绕主题句,不能偏离,不能分散.如主题句 He is a hard-working student直接规定了"刻苦"这个中心,所以所选材料都要为表现这个同学学习刻苦的精神服务.如果还写这个同学乐于帮助同学,兴趣广泛等方面,这样一来就把中心写散了.