文章献给准备过英语专业四级的同学,给同学一点经验,希望大家考试成功。
在现代英语中,have to 中不定式和疑问句式既可以按照助动词的变化规则构成,也可以按照行为动词的变化规则构成。
Have you to finish the work before supper?
Do you have to finish the work before supper?
have got to 常可同have to换用,但有时表示不同的含义。比较:
He has to report to the headquarters every two days.(例行公事,习惯动作)
He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.(一道指示或命令,必得每天报告一次)
另外,作“有”解时,have got和have通常是可以换用的,have got更口语化,但有时表示不同的含义。比较:
The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。
The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。
must not表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告或命令,意为“一定要,不准”。因此,在回答由must引导的问题时,如果是否定的回答,表示“不必,没有必要”,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to.试比较:
You must not drive fast.你不能开快车。(路险或有速度限制)
You needn't drive fast.(时间充裕)
You must not tell others.(警告)
You needn't tell others.(没有必要)
needs为副词,相当于necessarily, of necessity. must needs和needs must均可表示“必须,必定,不得不”,这层意义上可以通用;但must needs还可表示“偏偏,偏要”,含有讥讽、不满的意思,而needs must则一般无这层意思。例如:
I must needs go there now.
我现在非到那里去不可。(可用needs must)
Needs must when the devil drives.
情势所迫不得不那样。
She must needs go away when I want her.
我正需要她时,她偏偏离开了。(不可用needs must)
The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed.
我上床睡觉时偏偏有人来电话。(不可用needs must)
need指主语的主观特需情况而使之必要。need既可以作助动词,又可以作行为动词。作助动词时,need没有人称和数的变化,后接不带to的不定式(动词原形),否定式为needn't.作行动动词时,need同别的行为动词一样,有人称和数的变化,后接带to的不定式,否定式要在前面加don't(doesn't, didn't),疑问句用do (does, did) 提问。例如:
There need be no hurry, need there?
He need never know. (=He never needs to know.)
I need only add a few words. (= I only need to add a few words.)