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2013英语专业四级词汇与语法一日练

2012-10-25 00:01:26 字体放大:  

这期我们要来学习情态动词+完成时的用法,当然包括了大家最关心的虚拟语气.

1. may和might+ 动词完成式

此结构用于推测过去的行为。例如:

She said that he might have missed the plane.她说他可能误了航班。

2. can和could+ 动词完成式

A. 表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。例如:

In those circumstances we could have done better.

在那样的情况下,我们本来可以做得更好的。(但没有做得更好)

B. 推测过去的某种行动。

Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢?

The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.

这孩子不可能那么快就把这本书读完的,因为即使对一个成人来说,这本书也是相当难的。

Note:

can't和couldn't+ 动词原形可以用来表示否定推断。例如:

He can't be over fifty.他不可能超过50岁。

3.must +动词完成式

表示对过去行为的推断,具有较大的可能性,意为“一定…,想必…”。例如:

She must have gone through a lot.

她一定吃过很多苦。

Note:

must+动词原形→对现在的推测,must be+现在分词→对未来或现在正在进行的推测。例如:

She looks happy; she must be having a good time.

4. needn't+动词完成式和didn't need to do

A. needn't+动词完成式表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。例如:

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

你本来不必浇花的,因为天要下雨了。(但却浇了)

We needn't have told him the news because he knew it already.

B. didn't need (have) to do结构表示没有必要做某事,实际上也没有做。例如:

I didn't need to clean the windows. My sister did it.

我不必擦窗,我妹妹擦了。(我没有擦)