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2013年英语专业四级考试词汇知识点辅导:动词完成式

2012-10-24 10:07:00 字体放大:  

在英语越来越重要的21世纪,学好英语成了大学生的首要目标。为帮助大学生更好地掌握英语知识,特提供以下文章:


1.may和might+动词完成式

此结构用于推测过去的行为。例如:

She said that he might have missed the plane.她说他可能误了航班。

2.can和could+动词完成式

A.表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。例如:

In those circumstances we could have done better.

在那样的情况下,我们本来可以做得更好的。(但没有做得更好)

B.推测过去的某种行动。

Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢?

The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.

这孩子不可能那么快就把这本书读完的,因为即使对一个成人来说,这本书也是相当难的。

Note:

can't和couldn't+动词原形可以用来表示否定推断。例如:

He can't be over fifty.他不可能超过50岁。

3.must+动词完成式

表示对过去行为的推断,具有较大的可能性,意为“一定…,想必…”。例如:

She must have gone through a lot.

她一定吃过很多苦。

Note:

must+动词原形→对现在的推测,must be+现在分词→对未来或现在正在进行的推测。例如:

She looks happy; she must be having a good time.

4.needn't+动词完成式和didn't need to do

A.needn't+动词完成式表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。例如:

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

你本来不必浇花的,因为天要下雨了。(但却浇了)

We needn't have told him the news because he knew it already.

B.didn't need (have) to do结构表示没有必要做某事,实际上也没有做。例如:

I didn't need to clean the windows.My sister did it.

我不必擦窗,我妹妹擦了。(我没有擦)

5.should+动词完成式

A.此结构的肯定式表示应该做的事而没有做,否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如:

You should have given her more help.

你应该多给她一些帮助的。(但没有给)

B.表示推测,意为“可能”,但可能性较小。例如:

He should have finished the work by now.

他现在该把工作完成了。(推测)

C.should / would have thought意为“本以为,本认为”。例如:

A: "Can you type?"

B: "Certainly."

A: "Well, I should have thought you wouldn't."

I should have thought she wouldn't agree.

我本来认为她不会同意的。

D.should have thought有时意为“认为,以为”,相当于should think,但表示更为委婉、谦逊或不肯定的语气。例如:

I should have thought it fairly good.

我以为它是很不错的。

E.should have+ 过去分词用于虚拟语气:

Had you written him, you should have known the details.

6.ought to+动词完成式

此结构表示某种过去应该做而没有做的事,或被忽略未做的某种明智行为。例如:

You ought to have returned the book earlier.(还晚了)

You ought to have refused her at the beginning, but now it is too late.

Note:

这里的ought to也可以用should代替。