在英语越来越普及的今天，学好英语成了大学生的首要学习目标。为了帮助大家顺利通过英语考试。特收集以下题目：
Before the mid 1860’s, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River, approximately the center of the country. At the point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches. This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching, and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders. Each new “end of track” became a center for animal drawn or waterborne transportation. The major effect of the railroad was to shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older, slower, and more costly means. Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid. The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada. Although President Abraham Lincoln signed the original Pacific Railroad bill in 1862 and a revised, financially much more generous version in 1864, little construction was completed until 1865 on the Central Pacific and 1866 on the Union Pacific. The primary reason was skepticism that a Railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit. In the words of an economist, this was a case of “premature enterprise”, where not only the cost of construction but also the very high risk deterred private investment. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture; yet it was a national necessity to link East and West together.
1. The author refers to the impact of railroads before the late 1860’s as “limited” because ?____
A. the track did not take the direct route from one city to the next
B. passengers and freight had to transfer to other modes of transportation to reach western destinations
C. passengers preferred stagecoaches
D. railroad travel was quite expensive
2. What can be inferred about coaches and wagon freighters as the railroad expanded?
A. They developed competing routes.
B. Their drivers refused to work for the railroads.
C. They began to specialize in private investment.
D. There were insufficient numbers of trained people to operate them.
3. Why does the author mention the Sierra Nevada in line 17?
A. To argue that a more direct route to the West could have been ?taken.
B. To identify a historically significant mountain range in the West.
C. To point out the location of a serious train accident.
D. To give an example of an obstacle faced by the central pacific.
4. The word “subsidy” in line 27 is closest in meaning to ?_____?.
A. persuasion B. financing C. explanation D. penalty
谜底解析
1. B)按照文章前五句可知，在十九世纪六十年月晚期前铁路在美国的影响是有限的“limited”，那时铁路只从美国东部修到了美国中部，运到美国西部地域的货色只有在铁路的绝顶“end?of?track”改用其他的运输体例，好比：汽船、马车等，它们的运输效率可想而知。故选项B为正确谜底。
2. D)这是一道推论题。可用解除法做此题。按照文章第六行至第七行“rather they became supplements or feeders”和第十行至第十三行“Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid.”可知跟着铁路线的不竭延长，马车货运的路线日益削减，虽然马车货运经营者们继续在西部成长货运线路，可是它们只是铁路运输的填补。是以选项A“他们成长了有竞争性的线路”可以解除。而选项B、C文中到?净有说起。故只有选项D为正确谜底。
3. D)按照“the Sierra Nevada”地址句可知作者提到它是因为它是建筑横跨工具铁路的一个重大的障碍，故D为正确谜底。
4. B)Subsidy意为“津贴金，津贴”，与financing意义相符。