第十二篇
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to“self-medicate” against the blues，scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal2 have found that smoking may actually (1) depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (2 )benefits of smoking among teens，"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton，a research associate3 at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto.“ (3 )cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating (4 )or to improve mood，in the long term4 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires (5 )their use of cigarettes to affect mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants，urban and rural schools，and schools (6 )in high， moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6.
Participants were divided into three (7 )：never smokers;smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate，improve mood or physical (8 );smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things;had (9 )going to sleep or staying (10 );felt unhappy，sad，or depressed;felt hopeless about the future;felt vexed，antsy or tense;and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (11) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked，"says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine7.“Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of (12 )depressive symptoms.”
The(13) between depression and smoking exists (14 )among teens that use cigarettes to feel better.“It’s (15) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says Dr.Chaiton.
词汇：
puff v.遇到 antsy adj.坐立不安的，烦躁的
self-medicate v.自我治疗 blues n.抑郁
vexed adj.烦虑的
注释：
1.the University of Toronto：(加拿大)多伦多大学
2.the University of Montreal：(加拿大)蒙特利尔大学
3.research associate：助理研究员
4.in the long term：从长远看
5.reported：用的是主动态，是自我“报告”的意思。研究人员用问卷的方式进行调查。被调查的青少年自我填写问题的答案。
6.High, moderate and，low socioeconomic neighbourhoods：高档、中档和低档社区
7.the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine：蒙特利尔大学社会和预防医学系。此处the University of Montreal是定语，修饰Department of Social and Preventive Medicine。
8.scores：得分。指问卷的统计数字。
练习：
1.A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose
2.A social B financial C emotional D political
3.A Whatever B Although C Whenever D what
4.A effects B methods C steps D directions
5.A beside B beyond C in D about
6.A exposed B expanded C located D detected
7.A groups B sets C species D versions
8.A world B activity C state D beauty
9.A time B courage C energy D trouble
10.A asleep B awake C still D silent
l 1.A reducers B improvers C creators D removers
l 2.A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming
1 3.A difference B association C cooperation D agreement
l 4.A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally
1 5 A illogical. B unscientific C meaningless D important
答案与题解：
1.B本文的重点是介绍借抽烟缓解抑郁情绪的青少年到后来他们的depressive symptoms (抑郁症状)反而加重了。第二、第五、第六段都明确提到这一点。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思搭不上。
2.C 抽烟缓解抑郁是一种情绪上(emotional)的得益，不会是social(社会上的)、financial(经济上的)或polotical(政治上的)得益。所以答案是C。
3.B 空格所在的句子虽然缺字，意思还是清楚的，前半句的意思与后半句的意思是相反的。前半句说香烟看上去有助于改善心情，后半句说从长远角度看，depressive symptoms的风险反而会增加。四个选项中只有选项B的Although能将前半句和后半句连接起来，并赋予“让步"的意思o
4.A句中的or是“即”，也就是说，to have self-medicating加上填入的词之后的意思相当于to improve mood。四个选项中只有选项A的effects(效果)是填人空格的最合适的词。to improve mood是自我治疗的效果。其他三个选项methods、steps、directions与self-medicating连用，意思分别为“自我治疗的方法"、“自我治疗的步骤”、“自我治疗的指导”，与句子的意思不相配。
5.D 本题要填人的词是介词。分析下来，their use of cigarettes to affect mood应该是questionnaire(问卷)所要了解的内容。所以，about是正确的选择。
6.C.科学家在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性，人选的青少年既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有农村的。接下来的问题是：在schools和in high，moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods(高档社区、中档社区和低档社区)之间选哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢?很明显，这些学校有位于高档社区的，也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以选项C的located是答案。
7.A本句的意思很明显，问卷的参与者被分成三组或三类。groups是正确的选择。再看其他三个选项：three sets是“三套"，three species是“三个物种”，three versions是“三个版本”，没有一个是合适的。“
8.C科学家将参与者分成三组，其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填人的词应与情绪、身体等有关，荇选A、B、D，组成的词组physical world(物质世界)、physical activity(体育活动)、physical beauty(形态美)均与上文的意思接不上，所以A、B、D不会是答案。由C的state组成的词组physical state(身体状况)与上文的意思连贯。因此C是答案。
9.D本段介绍了问卷包含的问题。作者罗列的问题都是负面的，如乏力、失眠、烦躁等。所以填入空格的词也应该是负面的。trouble符合这个要求，是本题的答案。 .
10.A 第九题选了trouble，空格所在的句子是“…had trouble going to sleep or staying ”。or是“即"的意思，也就是说，had trouble going to sleep意思上就相当于staying 。根据这一判断，填入空格的词非awake莫属。
11.B。第一段和第二段都说到，抽烟缓解抑郁心情最终导致更抑郁。本句“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked”表达的是同样的意思。文章第二段和第三段都出现improve mood，所以，mood后面要填入的词应该是improvers。选项A、C、D的意义均不符合上下文。
12.C本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。只有developing的意义才符合上下文，因此是答案。ehlonpgin;是z depression掣燃某妻薹害磊曼徽
13.B从上下文判断，本句指的是depression和smoking之间的联系，不会是它们之间的差异(difference)、合作(cooperation)或一致性(agreement)。Association的词义是“联系”，所以是答案。
14.D调查的对象是青少年，所以不可能是occasionally(偶尔)、scarcely(几乎不)或probably(很可能)在青少年之中，而是principally(主要)在青少年之中。
15.D 从通篇文章判断，“to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke"是做这项 调查的发现和绪论，作者说出这一点，只会认为很重要(important)，不会认为不合乎逻辑(illogical)，不科学(unscientific)或没有意义(meaningless)。所以，important是答案。