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The operation of International Airlines International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive’s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive’s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch – the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperettes, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night’s sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines’ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler – the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
1. According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential to ___.
A. keep in mind the need of the executives only.
B. Satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives
C. Try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares
D. Cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of jets.
2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why airlines are having a hard time except that ___.
A. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low
B. there is no increase in the number of passengers
C. there are more seats on the planes than needed
D. the competition between airlines is strong
3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following except ___.
A. making their seats more comfortable
B. providing better food during flights
C. showing more movies during the long flights
D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers
4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to ___.
A. making sure the departure are not delayed
B. the efficient handling of luggage
C. speeding up customs procedure
D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges
5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?
A. they do not book their seats in advance
B. they do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take
C. they do not travel on the flight they have booked
D. they do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
答案与解析：
1.文章标题分析：The operation (经营)of International (国际的)Airlines(航空公司)
2.直接解题：
1. According to (根据)the passage, in operating airlines it is essential (重要的，本质的)to ___.
A. keep in mind (记住)the need of the executives (行政主管)only.
B. Satisfy(满足) the need of the low fare(费用) passengers at the expense of (在损害..的情况下)the executives
C. Try to attract(吸引) as many passengers as possible (尽可能...的)by reducing fares
D Cater to (满足)the need of passengers sitting at both ends of jets(飞机).
答案：D.
分析: 借助常识可以直接排除A(只记住行政主管的需要)和B(在损害行政主管利益的情况下满足低票价乘客的需要), 利用题干中出现的修饰词essential作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：(第2段)Operating a major(较大的;主要的) airline is essentially (本质上， essential的副词形式)a matter (事情，问题)of finding the right mix (组合)of passengers. 该句说“经营以家较大的航空公司从本质上说就是找到合适的乘客组合的问题” 。接下来的句子说“ The airlines need to fill up (填满)the back of their wide-bodied (宽机身的)jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting(忘记) that the front end should be filled with (装满了..)people who pay substantially (充分地) more for their tickets(航空公司应该在机身宽的飞机的尾部装满购买低价票的乘客,同时别忘了让支付了更高票价的乘客坐在飞机的前端)”. 该句暗示要满足各种乘客的需要.
2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why airlines are having a hard time(have a hard time: 遇到了困难) except that ___.
A. the tourist industry (旅游业)is experiencing (经历)an all-time (空前的)low低谷
B. there is no increase (增加)in the number of passengers
C. there are more seats on the planes than needed
D the competition (竞争)between airlines is strong(激烈的)
答案：A。
分析: 利用问题句中反映细节信息的短语结构have a hard time作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
(第3段)But low fares require (要求)consistently(一直) full aircraft to make flights economically (经济地)viable(可行的), and in the recent recession(萧条) (与have a hard time呼应)the volume(量) of traffic(交通) has not grown.该句说“在最近的萧条期间，载客量没有增加” ，因此判断“乘客量没有增加”是造成航空空司经营困难的一个原因。
Equally the large number of airlines jostling for(为..而竞争) the available (可得到的)passengers has created a huge excess(过剩) of capacity(容量).
该句说“航空公司对乘客的争抢造成了大量容量的过剩”。
The net(最终的) result of excess capacity (运载量过剩)and cut-throat(激烈的) competition driving down (压低)fares had been to push(逼迫) some airlines into collapse (倒闭)and leave many
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