关于2011年BEC写作的讲义：第二讲(1)
关于2011年BEC写作的讲义：第二讲(1)
紧接着上一讲，我们来接着讲写作的问题。
评分标准：
评分的五个方面：
1 content
2 language
3 structure & vocabulary
4 organisation
展开论述上面的5个方面：
1. 内容的完整性
2. 语言
6C原则
1.准确(correctness)
包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平;使用精确措词，传达准确信息;正确地使用语法和标点符号;拼写正确。
(1)恰当的语言风格
请比较下面两组例词：
(2)准确的措词和信息
下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分：
a lot / allot
all right / alright
cannot / can not
different from / different than
. due to / because of
effect / affect
fewer / less
lie / lay
principal / principle
that /which
their / them / they' re
wait for / wait on
who / whom
(3)正确的语法和标点符号
(4)正确的拼写
2.清楚(Clarity)
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括：
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
例句：
修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.
修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.
(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)
(4)强调(Emphasis)
①位置
②重复
③数量
④技巧
(5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。
比较下面三对句子：
A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.
They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.
B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.
He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.
C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.
Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.
(6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。
We shall take a firm line with the firm.
We shall take a strong line with the film.
3.简洁(Conciseness)
A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.
We have begun to export our machines.
B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.
If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.
C .We require furniture which is of the new type.
We require new-type furniture.
(1)使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)
尽量使用 避免使用
please will you be good enough to
prefer express a preference for
because for the reason that
(2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
as the case may be
it has come to my attention
at an early age
avail yourself of this opportunity
previous to
crack of dawn
pursuant to your request
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
this is to inform you
under separate cover
with kindest regards
I wish to state
(3) 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。
Wordy Concise
1. We would like to please
2. For the month of August for August
3. Pursuant to the end of this week now
4. A long period of time a long time
5. At this time now
6. Is at this time is
7. The weight was higher than the weight was greater than
8. I expected it to be expected
9. During the year of 1995 during 1995
10. For the development of for developing
11. In the city of Dallas in Dallas
12. The problem was that the car would not the car would not start
start
13. Square in shape square
14. in accordance with your request you requested
15. Sign on the front of this form sign this form
16. During the time that while
17. Consensus of opinion we agree
18. Remember the fact that remember
19, Held a meeting met
20. this is the situation at this time now
(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,
B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.
C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.
1. as soon as possible by July 10
2. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated
3. at all times always
4. at this time now
5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on February
such time as the new form is available
6. despite the fact that despite
7. for the month of April for April
8. for obvious reason that because
9. I would ask that you please
I0. in conjunction with with
11. in the mere recent past recently
12. in the unlikely event that if
13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting
be on time, please delay the meeting
14. in view of the fact that because
15. it will be greatly appreciated if you please
16. our production of the new product will production will begin on July 1
commence on July 1
17. please be advised that we expect you to please review the contract
review the enclosed contract
(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.
Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.
相关推荐：关于2011年BEC写作的讲义：第一讲(3)