⑵ That year, in his spare time, he wrote three papers for a journal about physics, which is the science of matter, energy and what the universe is made of.
译文：那年，在他的业余时间里，他为一家杂志写了3篇有关物理学的论文，物理则是物质、能量和宇宙构成的科学。
讲解：write …for 指‘为。。。而写’。Which 引导的是非限制性定语从句，说明物理是什么样的一门科学。例如：
I love these books very much, which are given by my best friend.
我非常喜欢这些书，它们是我最好的朋友送的。
⑶ In it he described how light could behave not only like a wave, as most scientists of the time believed, but also like a stream of particles.
译文：在这篇论文里，他描述了在那个时代大多数科学家认为的光可以表现为光波运动，而且还可以表现为粒子束运动。
讲解：as 引导的句子做状语，说明光可以表现为光波运动。Not only… but also…指‘不仅。。。而且。。。’。连接的两个句子成分，表示并列关系。它可以连接不同的句子成分。例如：Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，也是一个演员。
5、 重点语法知识讲解
被动语态
⑴ 被动语态由‘助动词be + 过去分词’构成，时态通过be 表现出来。例如：
History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。(一般现在时)
The conference was held in August. 这次会议是8月份召开的。(一般过去时)
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
不会让你带这么多行李的。(一般将来时)
A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建中。(现在进行时)
The case was being redesigned. 这案件那时正在调查中。(过去进行时)
The aircraft has been redesigned. 这飞机已经重新设计。(现在完成时)
Production costs had been greatly reduced. 生产成本那时大大降低了。(过去完成时)
⑵ 被动语态主要用于以下几种情况：不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语);动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引起的短语);出于礼貌等方面的考虑而不愿说出动作的执行者是谁;被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排等。例如：
Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。
The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 那样做一般被认为是不妥当的。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
他在台上一出现观众就给予热烈的掌声。(这样安排只要一个主语就够了)
The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.
计划特别受到愿有更多机会说英语的人的支持。(如果用those 做主语，和位于的距离就会太远)