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The General House Effect
The green house effect is not a new phenomenon. Scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gases naturally surrounds the earth like an insulating blanket, trapping the reflected energy of the sun and preventing it from escaping into space that is what makes the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals. However, recent human activity has boosted concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. The man culprit is carbon dioxide which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming.Co2 is released from burning fossil fuels and from clearing and burning forests.
There are other important greenhouse gases too and they cannot be ignored. CFCs, for example, may account for 25 per cent of global warming in the text century if their production is not scaled back. But carbon dioxide is the pivotal one. The UN International panel on Climatic Change now says that Co2 levels could double within in 40 years if present rates of fossil-fuel burning and deforestation continue. That means an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and a sea-level rise of perhaps a foot by 2050.
No one knows for certain how local weather will change as a result of this warming. But one thing is clear-it will be no picnic. Indications are that the earth will be take place not over thousands of years, but over decades. And it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.
The most sophisticated computerized climate models in the US and UK , agree that weather around the world will become more irregular and more extreme. In general, temperatures will become more towards the poles than at the equator. overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. But the distribution of precipitation will shift. Some areas will become wetter, others will be drier. In middle latitudes, Climate zones will march poles-wards. In tropical and subtropical parts of the third would, warming will be less but the impact on a relatively stable climate will be greater.
Global warming will also cause ocean levels to rise---though not, as popular wisdom has it, due to the Antarctic ice cap melting. If this catastrophe occurs it will not be for at least another century. Instead, sea levels will rise simply because water expands as it warms. people living in low-lying coastal regions will be in danger. The world’s great river deltas, home to millions in Asia and Latin America and containing some of the Third World’s richest food-growing land, could become brackish graveyards.
6. Which gas is the most responsible for global warming?
A. Carbon Dioxide.
B. CFCs.
C. Green houses.
D. other gases in the atmosphere.
7. What will happen if man continues to burn fossil fuels and forests at present rates?
A. All fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, will run out.
B. Deforestation will give rise to the loss of co2.
C. The temperature will increase two to four degrees Fahrenheit.
D. The rise of sea-level will reach about a foot by 2050.
8. Why is the precise impact the global warming will exert on local weather hard to predict?
A. Because the great changes in temperature will take place in just decades.
B. Because the course of changes will last thousands of years.
C. Because people are not sure whether the earth will be warmer than before.
D. Because there are many other factors involved in this change.
9. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The earth, as a whole, will become much wetter.
B. The temperature around equator will rise more than around the poles.
C. The amount of rainfall will be the same from place to place.
D. The weather around the world will be more unusual in the next few decades.
10. It can be concluded that
A. The rise of ocean levels is due to the Antarctic ice cap melting.
B. The temperature increase will take a gradual course.
C. Human beings will have to suffer more from environmental damage.
D. Without greenhouse gases the earth would be extremely hot.
参考答案
6.A
第一段有这样一句话：the main culprit is carbon dioxide, which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming 从这句话可以看出，二氧化碳是全球变暖的罪魁祸首，对全球变暖负有重大责任。
7.D
联合国的环境变化国际小组告诉我们：如果仍以目前的速度使用燃料并滥伐森林，到2005年，地球温度将会上升2-4摄氏度，海平面也将上升一英尺。所以C是错误的。A文章没有提到燃料是否会用尽。B 滥伐森林不但不会使二氧化碳减少，反而会使二氧化碳越来越多。
8.A
第三段最后一句话告诉我们这道题的正确答案。It is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.地球的温度在十年间就升高了，变化发生的速度如此之快，使人很难预测到地球变暖对当地气候的影响。
9.D
文章的第四段指出：在美国和英国有一个非常复杂的计算机化模型，这一模型得出了世界气候越来越变化无常、越来越不规律这一结论。A一些地方会更加湿润，一些地方会更加干燥，而不是选项中所说的地球整体上会变的更加湿润。B温度在两极的增长幅度大于在赤道的增长幅度， 而不是赤道的温度增长幅度大于两极的增长幅度。C 雨量分布将发生变化，而不是选项中所说的各地的降水量相同。
10.C
文章的末尾告诉我们：环境的污染引起的全球变暖、海平面上升、气候异常以及雨量分布不均，最终给人类带来更多的不幸。A 海平面的上升并不像人们认为的那样是由于南极冰层融化引起的。
Translation
11. Global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出发; vicious adj.恶的, 堕落的;researchers said注意翻译顺序)
12. These waters around Antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(Waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意过去分词短语的翻译)
13. Since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助于)
14. If global warming continues with increased precipitation in the Southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.仓促; stratification n.层化, 成层,; diatom n.硅藻属)
15. The study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the Antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.远征, 探险队; algae n.藻类, 海藻)
句子翻译：
11.研究人员表示，全球性的气候变暖可能破坏世界上大部分海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而引起恶性循环，使地球的气候更加炎热。
12.南极洲周围的这片水域占地球海洋面积的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起着非常重要的作用。而二氧化碳被认为是引起温室效应的气体，是导致全球气温升高的主要原因之一。
13.科学家认为：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球气候变暖，那么二氧化碳的不断积累会环境状况进一步恶化。
14.如果全球气候继续变暖，南大洋州的沉淀反应继续增加，海水的层次就将更多。这样有利于硅藻的生长。
15.这项为期一个月的科学考察活动是在南极洲的夏季进行的，也是首批发现某些种类的海藻比其它海藻具有更强的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。