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China Shows Off Carrier, but Experts AreSkeptical
BEIJING — In a ceremony attended by the country’s topleaders, China put its first aircraft carrier into service on Tuesday, a move intended to signal itsgrowing military might as tensions escalate between Beijing and its neighbors over islands innearby seas.
Officials said the carrier, a discarded vessel bought from Ukraine in 1998 and refurbished byChina, would protect national sovereignty, an issue that has become a touchstone of thegovernment’s dispute with Japan over ownership of islands in the East China Sea.
But despite the triumphant tone of the launching, which was watched by President Hu Jintaoand Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, and despite rousing assessments by Chinese military experts aboutthe importance of the carrier, the vessel will be used only for training and testing for theforeseeable future.
The mark “16” on the carrier’s side indicates that it is limited to training, Chinese and other militaryexperts said. China does not have planes capable of landing on the carrier and so far training forsuch landings has been carried out on land, they said.
Even so, the public appearance of the carrier at the northeastern port of Dalian was used as anoccasion to stir patriotic feelings, which have run at fever pitch in the last 10 days over the disputebetween China and Japan over the East China Sea islands, called Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu inChina.
The carrier will “raise the overall operational strength of the Chinese Navy” and help China “toeffectively protect national sovereignty, security and development interests,” the Ministry ofDefense said.
The Communist Party congress that will begin the country’s once-in-a-decade leadership transitionis expected to be held next month, and the public unveiling of the carrier appeared to be part ofan effort to forge national unity ahead of the event.
For international purposes, the public unveiling of the carrier seemed intended to signal to smallernations in the South China Sea, including the Philippines, an American ally, that China has anincreasing number of impressive assets to deploy.
American military planners have played down the significance of the commissioning of the carrier. Some Navy officials have even said they would encourage China to move ahead with building itsown aircraft carrier and the ships to accompany it, because it would be a waste of money.
Other military experts outside China have agreed with that assessment.
“The fact is the aircraft carrier is useless for the Chinese Navy,” You Ji, a visiting senior researchfellow at the National University of Singapore, said in an interview. “If it is used against America, ithas no survivability. If it is used against China’s neighbors, it’s a sign of bullying.”
Vietnam, a neighbor with whom China has fought wars, operates land-based Russian Su-30 aircraft that could pose a threat to the aircraft carrier, Mr. You said. “In the South China Sea, if thecarrier is damaged by the Vietnamese, it’s a huge loss of face,” he said. “It’s not worth it.”
Up to now, Chinese pilots have been limited to practicing simulated carrier landings on concretestrips on land in Chinese J-8 aircraft based on Soviet-made MIG-23s produced about 25 yearsago, Mr. You said. The pilots could not undertake the difficult maneuver of landing on a movingcarrier because China does not yet have suitable aircraft, Mr. You said.
The question of whether China will move ahead and build its own carrier depends in large part, hesaid, on whether China can develop aircraft to land on one. “It’s a long, long process forconstructing such aircraft,” he said.
In contrast to some of the skepticism expressed by military experts outside China, Li Jie, aresearcher at the Chinese Naval Research Institute, said in an interview in the state-run People’sDaily that the carrier would change the Chinese Navy’s traditional mind-set and bring qualitativechanges to its operational style and structure, he said.
Although the Chinese military does not publish a breakdown of its military spending, foreign militaryexperts say the navy is less well financed than the army and air force.
周二，中国第一艘航空母舰正式入列服役，中国最高领导人出席了交接仪式。随着中国与邻国之间的近海岛屿争议不断加剧，航母入列意在显示其不断增强的军事实力。
官员表示，这艘利用1998年从乌克兰买来的一艘废弃船舰改造而来的航空母舰将保卫中国的国家主权，主权问题正是中国政府和日本的东海岛屿所有权之争议的核心。
航母的入列仪式洋溢着胜利的腔调，胡锦涛主席和温家宝总理出席了该仪式，中国的军事专家对该航母重要意义的评价听起来也非常激动人心，尽管如此，可预见的未来之内，该航母仍然只会用于训练和试验。
中国和其他国家的军事专家均表示，打在航母一侧的舷号“16”表明，航母仅供训练之用。中国没有能在此航母上完成降落的飞机，迄今为止，针对类似降落的训练都是在陆上进行。
即便如此，政府还是把该航母在中国东北部港口大连的公开亮相还当成了煽动民众爱国情感的机会。过去十天里，中日东海岛屿之争已使得中国人的爱国情绪达到几近疯狂的状态，争议岛屿被日本称为尖阁诸岛，被中国称为钓鱼岛。
中国国防部表示，航母将“提高中国海军综合作战力量”并帮助中国“有效维护国家主权、安全和发展利益”。
中国共产党全国代表大会预计将于下月举行，届时中国将开始10年一度的领导层换届，有鉴于此，航母的公开亮相似乎是为了在会议召开之前加强国家团结。
从对外的角度来看，航母的公开亮相似乎意在向包括美国盟友菲律宾在内的一些南海小国传达讯息，表明中国拥有的强大军事装备不断增多。
美国的军方规划人员认为，中国航母入列的意义并没有那么重大。甚而至于，一些海军官员曾经表示，他们会鼓励中国建造自己的航空母舰及配套舰船，因为到头来都是浪费钱。
其他一些外国军事专家也赞同这种观点。
“事实就是，航母对中国海军来说没什么用，”新加坡国立大学(NationalUniversity of Singapore)高级访问研究员由冀在采访中表示。“如果用来对付美国，它没有存活的机会。如果用来对付中国的邻国，又会变成欺凌弱国的标志。”
由冀说，曾与中国交战的邻国越南拥有俄国制造的苏-30陆基飞机，这种飞机可以对航母构成威胁。“在中国南海，如果航母被越南破坏，会是很丢面子的事情，”他说。“这么做不值得。”
由冀表示，到目前为止，中国的飞行员只在陆上水泥跑道上练习过模拟的航母甲板降落，用的是中国产J-8飞机，这种飞机的原型是苏联在大约25年前制造的米格-23战斗机。由于至今没有合适的飞机，中国飞行员无法完成在移动航母上的高难度降落。
由冀表示，中国是否会继续建造属于自己的航母，很大程度上取决于中国能否建造出能在航母上降落的飞机。“建造这样的飞机需要很长、很长的时间，”他说。
和纷纷质疑中国航母的国外军事专家不同，海军军事学术研究所研究员李杰在接受官方媒体《人民日报》采访时表示，航母会改变中国海军的传统思维方式，为其作战风格和结构带来质的改变。
尽管中国军方没有公布军费开支的具体构成，但外国军事专家称，中国海军的军费不如陆军和空军充裕。