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Fluencywithinformationtechnology(abbreviatedasFITness)goesbeyondtraditionalnotionsofcomputerliteracy.AsnotedinChapter1,literacyaboutinformationtechnologymightcallforaminimalleveloffamiliaritywithtechnologicaltoolslikewordprocessors,e-mail,andWebbrowsers.Bycontrast,FITnessrequiresthatpersonsunderstandinformationtechnologybroadlyenoughtobeabletoapplyitproductivelyatworkandintheireverydaylives,torecognizewheninformationtechnologywouldassistorimpedetheachievementofagoal,andtocontinuallyadapttothechangesinandadvancementofinformationtechnology.FITnessthereforerequiresadeeper,moreessentialunderstandingandmasteryofinformationtechnologyforinformationprocessing,communication,andproblemsolvingthandoescomputerliteracyastraditionallydefined.(Box2.1addressesthedifferencebetweenliteracyandFITnessinmorespecificterms.)NotealsothatFITnessasdescribedinthischapterbuildsonmanyotherfundamentalcompetencies,suchastextualliteracy,logicalreasoning,andknowledgeofcivicsandsociety.
Informationtechnologyisamediumthatpermitstheexpressionofavastarrayofinformation,ideas,concepts,andmessages,andFITnessisabouteffectivelyexploitingthatexpressivepower.FITnessenablesapersontoaccomplishavarietyofdifferenttasksusinginformationtechnologyandtodevelopdifferentwaysofaccomplishingagiventask.
FITnesscomesindegreesandgradationsandistiedtodifferentpurposes.FITnessisthusnotan"endstate"thatisindependentofdomain,butratherdevelopsoveralifetimeinparticulardomainsofinterestinvolvingparticularapplications.AspectsofFITnesscanbedevelopedbyusingspreadsheetsforpersonalorprofessionalbudgeting,desktoppublishingtoolstocreateoreditdocumentsorWebpages,searchenginesanddatabasemanagementtoolsforlocatinginformationontheWeborinlargedatabases,anddesigntoolstocreatevisualizationsinvariousscientificandengineeringdisciplines.
ThewidevarietyofcontextsinwhichFITnessisrelevantismatchedbytherapidpaceatwhichinformationtechnologyevolves.Mostprofessionalstodayrequireconstantupgradingoftechnologicalskillsasnewtoolsbecomeusefulintheirwork;theylearnnewwordprocessingprograms,newcomputer-assisteddesignenvironments,ornewtechniquesforsearchingtheWorldWideWeb.Differentapplicationsofinformation
technologyemergeratherfrequently,bothinareaswithlongtraditionsofusinginformationandinformationtechnologyandinareasthatarenotusuallyseenasbeingtechnology-intensive.PerhapsthemajorchallengeforindividualsembarkingonthegoaloflifelongFITnessinvolvesdecidingwhentolearnanewtool,whentochangetoanewtechnology,whentodevoteenergytoincreasingtechnologicalcompetency,andwhentoallocatetimetootherprofessionalactivities.
TheabovecommentssuggestthatFITnessispersonal,graduated,anddynamic.FITnessispersonalinthesensethatindividualsevaluate,distinguish,learn,andusenewinformationtechnologyasappropriatetotheirownsustainedpersonalandprofessionalactivities.Whatisappropriateforanindividualdependsontheparticularapplications,activities,andopportunitiesforFITnessthatareassociatedwiththeindividual’sareaofinterestorspecialization,andwhatisreasonableforaFITlawyerorahistoriantoknowandbeabletodomaywelldifferfromwhatisrequiredforaFITscientistorengineer.FITnessisgraduatedinthesensethatitischaracterizedbydifferentlevelsofsophistication(ratherthanasingleFIT/not-FITjudgment),anditisdynamicinthatitrequireslifelonglearningasinformationtechnologyevolves.