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Therewas,lastweek,aglimmerofhopeintheworldfoodcrisis.Expectingabumperharvest,Ukrainerelaxedrestrictionsonexports.Overnight,globalwheatpricesfellby10percent.
Bycontrast,tradersinBangkokquotericepricesaround$1,000aton,upfrom$460twomonthsago.
Suchisthevolatilityoftoday’smarkets.Wedonotknowhowhighfoodpricesmightgo,norhowfartheycouldfall.Butonethingiscertain:Wehavegonefromaneraofplentytooneofscarcity.Expertsagreethatfoodpricesarenotlikelytoreturntothelevelstheworldhadgrownaccustomedtoanytimesoon.
Imaginethesituationofthoselivingonlessthan$1aday-the“bottombillion,”thepoorestoftheworld’spoor.MostliveinAfrica,andmanymighttypicallyspendtwo-thirdsoftheirincomeonfood.
InLiberialastweek,Iheardhowpeoplehavestoppedpurchasingimportedricebythebag.Instead,theyincreasinglybuyitbythecup,becausethat’salltheycanafford.
TravelingthoughWestAfrica,Ifoundgoodreasonforoptimism.InBurkinaFaso,Isawagovernmentworkingtoimportdroughtresistantseedsandbettermanagescarcewatersupplies,helpedbynationslikeBrazil.InIvoryCoast,wesawawomen’scooperativerunningachickenfarmsetupwithUNfunds.Theprojectgeneratedincome-andfood-forvillagersinwaysthatcaneasilybereplicated.
Elsewhere,Isawyetanotherwomen’sgroupslowlyexpandingtheirlocalagriculturalproduction,withUNhelp.SoontheywillreplaceWorldFoodProgramricewiththeirownhome-grownproduce,sufficienttocovertheneedsoftheirschoolfeedingprogram.
Thesearehome-grown,grass-rootssolutionsforgrass-rootsproblems-preciselythekindofsolutionsthatAfricaneeds.
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Foradecade,metallurgistsstudyingthehulkoftheTitanichavearguedthatthestoriedoceanlinerwentdownquicklyafterhittinganicebergbecausetheship’sbuilderusedsubstandardrivetsthatpoppedtheirheadsandlettonsoficyseawaterrushin.Morethan1,500peopledied.
Nowateamofscientistshasmovedintodeeperwaters,uncoveringevidenceinthebuilder’sownarchivesofadeadlymixofgreatambitionanduseoflow-qualityironthatdoomedtheship,whichsank96yearsagoTuesday.
Thescientistsfoundthattheship’sbuilder,HarlandandWolff,inBelfast,struggledforyearstoobtainadequatesuppliesofrivetsandriveterstobuildtheworld’sthreebiggestshipsatonce:theTitanicandtwosisters,OlympicandBritannic.
Eachrequiredthreemillionrivets,andshortagespeakedduringTitanic’sconstruction.
"Theboardwasincrisismode,"saidJenniferHooperMcCarty,amemberoftheteamthatstudiedthecompany’sarchiveandotherevidence."Itwasconstantstress.Everymeetingitwas,’There’sproblemswiththerivets,andweneedtohiremorepeople.’"
Theteamcollectedothercluesfrom48Titanicrivets,usingmoderntests,computersimulations,comparisonstocentury-oldmetalsandcarefuldocumentationofwhatengineersandshipbuildersoftheeraconsideredstateoftheart.
ThescientistssaythetroublesbeganwhenthecolossalplansforcedHarlandandWolfftoreachbeyonditsusualsuppliersofrivetironandincludesmallerforges,asdisclosedincompanyandBritishgovernmentpapers.Smallforgestendedtohavelessskillandexperience.
Addingtothethreat,thecompany,inbuyingironforTitanic’srivets,orderedNo.3bar,knownas"best,"notNo.4,knownas"best-best,"thescientistsfound.TheyalsodiscoveredthatshipbuildersofthedaytypicallyusedNo.4ironforanchors,chainsandrivets.
Sotheliner,whosenamewasmeanttobesynonymouswithopulence,inatleastoneinstancereliedoncheapmaterials.
ThescientistsarguethatbetterrivetswouldhaveprobablykepttheTitanicafloatlongenoughforrescuerstohavearrivedbeforetheicyplunge,savinghundredsoflives.
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“中国制造”模式遭遇发展瓶颈，这种模式必须要改进和提高。一些外国人认为，“中国制造”大约就是质量低下的代名词。不可否认，少数产品的确存在质量问题，让大多数价廉质优的产品代其受罪。
质量是产品的生命线。随着外国市场的夸大，中国企业也意识到质量的重要性。因此一场旨在提高质量，提供优良服务的运动正在兴起。
在传统的制造业中，中国企业通过技术创新和质量管理，为国际市场提供高质量的产品。在新兴的信息产业，中国企业以高科技为师，增强和外国企业的交流与合作，提高产品质量。
近几年来，中国政府通过立法和社会监督保证产品质量，创造全社会重视产品问题的环境。
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1996年，一位摄影师在新疆喀纳斯自然保护区无意间拍到一只白熊。自此以后的十年里，白熊藏身于深山之中，再无音讯。直到2003年，人们才再次在该自然区又发现了白熊的踪迹。
在熊的家族里，只有北极熊是白色的。但是，这个庞然大物是如何离开极地寒带，来到这个寒温带的地方呢？难道它是通过通往北极的水路来到此地？这一猜测遭到动物学家的质疑。首先，北极熊不能在温带的树林中生活。其次，……
2006年，一个科学考察队在白熊出没的地区发现了熊冬眠的冬窝儿，还发现了一小团白色的动物毛发。DNA样本鉴定为棕熊的毛发。但是，也有可能，至少那团毛发不属于照片中的白熊。
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蓝藻是一种简单的水生植物，它可以在河湖、湿地、树干和温泉自然蔓延生长。当蓝藻细胞达到一定程度时，蓝藻的“密集孽生”会使水体变色、引起泡沫、散发臭气、影响贝类和鱼类的生存，还会使水质大幅度下降。
2007年夏天，富营养物和其他污染导致蓝藻在太湖、巢湖、滇池发生了蓝藻“密集孽生”现象，影响了城市供水及水生产品生长。
“密集孽生”最严重的是太湖东部。太湖是我国第三大淡水湖。这次“密集孽生”导致周边100多万居民供水问题长达10天之久。为了防止污染，当地环保部门关闭了770家化工厂。
2008年夏天，长期的温暖、干燥气候导致蓝藻在部分地区发生。9月，一艘可以快速、有效地清除蓝藻的船在江苏省投入使用。