Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.57、 QuesUons57-66are based on the following paassage
Whether striding ahead with pride or slouching (没精打采地站) gloomily, we all broadcast our emotions through body language.Now a computer has learned to interpret those unspoken cues as well as you or I.
Antonio Camurri of the University of Genoa in Italy and colleagues have built a system which uses the depth-sensing, motion-capture camera in Microsoft's Kinect (体感游戏机) to determine the emotion conveyed by a person's body movements.Using computers to capture emotions has been done before, but typically focuses on facial analysis or voice recording.Reading someone's emotional state from the way they walk across a room or their posture as they sit at a desk means they don't have to speak or look into a camera
"It's a nice achievement," says Frank Pollick, professor of psychology at the University of Glasgow, UK."Being able to use the Kinect for this is really useful."
The system uses the Kinect camera to build, a stick figure representation of a person that includes information on how his head, torso (躯干) , hands and shoulders are moving.Software looks for body positions and movements widely recognized in psychology as indicative of certain emotional states.For example, if a person's head is bowed and their shoulders are drooping (下垂) , that might indicate sadness or fear.Adding in the speed of movement--slow indicates sadness, while fast indicates fear--allows the software to determine how someone is feeling.In tests, the system correctly identified emotions in the stick figures 61.3% of the time, compared with a 61.9% success rate for 60 human volunteers.
Camurri is using the system to build games that teach children with autism (自闭症.to recognize and express emotions through full-body movements.Understanding how another person feels can be difficult for people with autism, and recognizing fear is more difficult than happiness.
"In one of the serious games we developed, a child is invited to look at a short video of an actor expressing an emotion," Camurri says."Then the child is invited to guess which emotion was expressed in the video." He adds that you can also ask the child to express the same emotion just by moving her body; joy, for example, can be characterized by energetic, fluid movements and a tendency to raise your arms.
The team also plans to use the system to figure out how "in tune" a group of people is with their leader, looking for signals like how people's heads move when someone is speaking.
Pollick says it could be useful as an automatic way to classify emotion--as part of a CCTV (闭路电视)system to infer intent, or to help shops understand customers.
What is the advantage of the newly-developed system over previous research?
A.In tests it identified a person's emotion more correctly.
B.It uses Microsoft's Kinect in a better way.
C.It does not require a fixed position in front of a camera
D.It represents a person in a more detailed and vivid way.
58、What body movements would the system probably interpret as sadness?
A.Bowed head and drooping shoulders.
B.Energetic movements and a tendency to raise arms.
C.Bowed head and fast movements.
D.Drooping shoulders and slow movements.
59、What benefit can the serious games probably bring to children with autism?
A.They can learn how to move their bodies.
B.They can grow into an actor or actress.
C.They can be better understood by people.
D.They can separate happiness from joy.
60、What does the plan of Camurri's team imply?
A.The way a person's head moves suggests his attitude toward the speaker.
B.The system can improve the relationship between leaders and group members.
C.A speaker should look for the signals given by the audience.
D.Listeners should pay attention to the tune of the speaker.
61、What does Pollick think about this system?
A.It enables shops to better monitor customers.
B.It has a wide range of potential applications.
C.It is more useful than previous research.
D.It can divide emotion states into different types.
62、 QuesUons62-71are based on the following paassage
Being in charge has its benefits: More money, more control, more power.And apparently, more job satisfaction.
Recently the Pew Research Center released data from a survey that found bosses are happier than workers in their jobs.69% of the people in management positions from the survey said they were satisfied with their current positions, compared with just 48% of rank-and-file (普通的) workers.The manager respondents were also more likely than non-managers to say they consider their work a career rather than merely a job (78% vs.44%) and were much less likely to be looking for a job than those who don't manage others (12% vs.23%).
They're also more likely to be happy with their lives outside of work, to feel they're paid fairly for what they do, and to think having children hasn't been a hindrance to their advancement.
While those numbers may not be surprising given the age, greater income and longer careers of those typically in management, the report did find that both managers and non-managers value the exact same things (and in the exact same order) when considering a job Enjoyable work comes first, followed by job security and then the ability to take time off to care for family.Similarly low numbers of participants cited a big salary (just 20% of bosses and 18% of workers.and opportunities for advancement (25% vs.24%) as being important, despite presumably different access to each.
Also surprising, says Rich Morin, senior editor of Pew's Social & Demographic Trends project, was how similar numbers of bosses and employees considered problems such as gender discrimination to be a social issue.62% of managers and 66% of workers agree that the country needs to make changes to solve gender inequality (不平等)issues in the workplace."It wasn't a case of big bad bosses and exploited workers," Morin says."That was an optimistic finding.On these important issues, t.hey think alike."
Perhaps most notable, meanwhile, is that despite the greater satisfaction and lower stress associated with being in charge, fewer people want to become managers than not.Just 39% of people responding to Pew's study said they would like such a position; 43% said they wouldn't.(The remaining 18% included those who were already managers and a few who didn't answer).
"Some people simply don't want the headaches that come with being a boss, and some simply don't want the long hours," Morin says, acknowledging the contradiction between that statement and Pew's findings.For many, it seems, the satisfaction that comes from greater control and more money simply doesn't outweigh the potential perils (危险)of being the one in charge.
What are ordinary workers more likely to do, according to Pew's survey?
A.To view their work as a career.
B.To be satisfied with other aspects of life.
C.To think the pay is less than it should be.
D.To consider children a motive to their advancement.
63、What does the author think about the finding that managers have more job satisfaction?
A.It is surprising given the headaches that come with being a boss.
B.It is reasonable since managers are easier to be satisfied
C.It is surprising given the long working hours.
D.It is reasonable since managers tend to be older.
64、Which of the following things are valued from most to lest when workers consider a job?
A.Enjoyable work, income, promotion opportunity.
B.Job security, enjoyable work, promotion opportunity.
C.Enjoyable work, promotion opportunity, job security.
D.Job security, more time to care for family, income.
65、What can we learn about Pew's finding on gender inequality in the workplaee?
A.The country has made little effort to solve this problem.
B.Bosses and workers had been expected to differ in their attitudes toward this issue.
C.Bosses and workers had been expected to think alike on some unimportant issues.
D.Bad bosses tend to exploit male workers rather than female workers.
66、What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The stress associated with being in charge is overestimated
B.Workers are more likely to feel confused about their work.
C.More control and money can lead to trouble.
D.Managers tend to be in dangerous situations.