Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力
2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因www.233.com考试就上考试大
3.解决的办法
College Students on the Job Market
【答案解析】
【写作思路】
本文是关于对某种社会现象的讨论，探讨其原因，并提供解决问题的方案。
毕业生就业压力大，是目前比较热门的话题，媒体、社会以及学生本人都会时不时的讨论，所以文章难度不是很大。
文章开篇提出就业压力大的问题，毕业生越来越多，而就业市场却保持稳定，两者之间的不平衡，导致毕业生面临越来越大的就业压力。
第二段讨论出现这种问题的原因。第一方面，从宏观上来看，整个世界的经济危机影响了就业市场;第二方面，从学校招生来看，热门专业人数过多，结果供过于求，而冷门专业学生很少，结果供不应求。
第三段针对第二段的原因，探讨相应的解决方案。从政府的角度出发，要尽可能的采取各种手段帮助经济恢复，帮助学生就业;从个人角度出发，要学会自主选择，不追潮流，学习自己感兴趣的，努力提高自身素质，增强竞争能力。
【参考范文】
More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.
There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.
The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Buying the Best Insurance for Your Business
Gabrielle Melchionda broke into tears when firefighters accidentally flooded the headquarters of Mad Gab’s, the beauty company she had founded two decades ago, even though she knew that insurance would replace the desks, computers, and shelves of lip balm(唇膏)she had lost. To her surprise, however, the real pain came in the months that followed, when she continued to owe salaries and rent while her sales slowed to a trickle(滴，淌，细流).
“The critical piece that was missing was business-interruption insurance,” said Ms. Melchionda, who had property and liability insurance but had never got around to adding a policy that replaces income lost after accidents.
Business owners have plenty of stories like Ms. Melchionda’s, of policies that didn’t cover enough damage or covered the wrong risk. Some of these complaints can be attributed to tight-fisted insurance companies or misinformed agents, but the fault often lies with entrepreneurs (企业家)who gloss over their insurance decisions.
“Generally speaking, small-business owners are not completely aware of the coverage they have or the coverage they need,” said Steven Spiro, an independent insurance agent, explaining that many small-business owners buy insurance simply to comply with the requirements of an office lease.
Picking an Agent
Buying insurance can be intimidating(使人胆怯的), and it’s difficult to know who is trying to take advantage of you and who is giving honest advice. That’s why you should start by asking other entrepreneurs in your industry what kinds of insurance they carry and who they bought it from. There are three types of vendors who can help you pick insurance: independent agents, captive agents(专属代理人), and risk consultants.
Independent agents, also known as brokers, offer the greatest choice because they typically represent many carriers. They are paid on commission by the insurance company, between 10 percent and 20 percent of the annual premium depending on the policy. Beware: because some carriers pay a higher commission than others, brokers may be tempted to play favorites.转载自:考试大 - [233.com]
Captive agents represent one insurance company that pays them a salary and commands their loyalty. Some companies such as Allstate only deal with their own agents; that means you can only buy their policies through one of their agents.
Both independent and captive agents receive bonuses at the end of the year based on their ratio of policies sold to damages paid. That means it’s in their interest to sell you as much insurance as possible and minimize your claims as much as possible.
Understand, also, that most agents focus solely on insurance. “Sometimes there are solutions to your problem that might be better treated without insurance,” said Arthur Flitner, a small-business expert at the Insurance Institute of America. In some cases, for example, it makes more financial sense to self-insure against certain property risks by setting up a rainy-day fund, or to minimize lawsuit risks by enforcing strict employment policies.
That’s when a risk consultant can help. Because they’re costly — you’ll usually pay a few thousand dollars for a basic project — it makes sense to hire a risk expert only if you have an unusually risky operation, or run a business with more than, say, $25 million in revenue(收入)or more than 100 employees.
After you’ve found some trustworthy vendors, it’s time to shop for bids. Go to as many brokers and agents as you like, but keep in mind that insurance companies won’t bid on the same account through different brokers.
Picking a Policy
If you’re grossing less than $3 million, you will most likely end up with a business owners policy, known as a B.O.P., which bundles business policies and lets you add additional pieces as necessary. Every carrier assembles its B.O.P. differently, so make sure you’re making accurate comparisons when shopping.
If you are grossing more than $3 million, you will probably have to buy your policies separately. There are four policies you really can’t do business without if you have more than a couple of employees:
Workers’ compensation is required by state law and covers workers’ medical expenses, disability pay and death benefits. Rates vary widely by industry and occupation. While the premiums for a secretary might be 22 cents per $100 of payroll, the rate for a roofer might exceed $20 per $100 of payroll. Make sure your business is classified correctly, and don’t try to pass off your toy factory (manufacturing is considered high-risk) as a design firm (low risk). Once employees start filing claims, carriers will conclude that you are a riskier-than-usual design firm and raise your premiums.
Property insurance covers your physical premises as well as equipment in your office. Rates vary widely, depending on the age of your building, how far it is from the fire department, and whether it is made of steel or wood.
Beware of coinsurance clauses, which allow carriers to pay only a share of damages if they believe you underinsured your property. Instead, ask your broker to add “agreed value” coverage in which you and the insurance company agree on an appropriate insurance level. This can add up to 15 percent to your premiums, but it leaves less room for dispute later.
General liability insurance covers injuries your company causes to other people’s health, property or reputation. Rates usually take into account factors like revenue, size of your offices and number of customers. Most basic packages cover $1 million for each occurrence; umbrella policies can add more coverage quite cheaply.
If it’s available, make sure you buy the more expensive “occurrence” policy, which covers you for accidents at the time they occurred — even if you have since left the business and your policy has lapsed — as opposed to a “claims made” policy, which covers you only if you are insured when the claim is made.来源：上考试大网校，考试轻松过关
Business interruption insurance — the kind Ms. Melchionda should have had — pays not just the lost sales and rent and payroll costs while you rebuild your business after an accident; it also pays for you to rent a temporary office or equipment so you can get back on your feet faster.
These policies are just the first building blocks of your insurance coverage. There are dozens of other policies you could add, depending on the kind of business you run. Some, like medical malpractice for doctors and hospitals, are absolutely essential, while others are pure waste. To determine what you need, start by asking yourself two questions: how likely is it that you’ll sustain damage, and could you cover the cost of the damage yourself? As experts like to point out, insurance is meant to cover catastrophes, not pay for maintenance.
“It’s a gamble,” said George Von York, a public adjuster who helps business owners negotiate higher claims payments from insurers. “Most people will never have a substantial claim in their life. But boy, when you need it, it’s good to have that coverage.”
1. The passage mainly focuses on .
A) how to buy the most suitable insurance for your own business
B) how to pick an agent for you own business
C) how to pick a policy when you buy the insurance
D) how to deal with the insurance company
2. Gabrielle Melchionda .
A) did not realize that the insurance company will compensate her loss in the fire
B) realized the real pain for her loss in the fire when the fire broke out
C) had her company insured against business-interruption
D) was very sorrowful when her beauty company caught fire
3. Buying insurance sometimes is frightening in that .
A) you should ask other people in your industry for the advice
B) it is not easy to distinguish the honest advice and the lie
C) there are different types of agents for you to choose
D) you do not know where to buy insurance for your company
4. If you have an unusually risky operation .
A) you should find a trustworthy vendor
B) you should seek help from insurance company
C) you are supposed to hire a risk expert
D) you are supposed to weigh the risk of your company by yourself
5. What kind of policy is required by the state law?
A) Workers’ compensation
B) Property insurance
C) General liability insurance
D) Business interruption insurance
6. In the policy of “worker’s compensation”, the rates _______________.
A) are the same in different occupation
B) are the same in different industries
C) are different in different occupation but the same in different industries
D). are different in different industries and occupations
7. George Von York ________________.考试大论坛
A) thinks to most people it is not necessary to buy insurance
B) thinks we are supposed to buy certain insurance in our life
C) is a public adjuster who charges higher claims payments from insurers
D) is an excellent seller in insurance
8. Property insurance covers your physical premises as well as .
9. It is necessary for you to buy the more expensive occurrence policy if it is .
10. Business interruption insurance also pays for you to rent .
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
原文精译
【1】给自己的事业买最好的保险
消防队无意之中淹没了Mad Gab's的总部，Mad Gab's是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。尽管Melchionda知道，保险公司会替她换掉损坏的桌椅、电脑以及唇膏架子，但她仍泪流满面。然而，让她吃惊的是，随后几个月，才是真正的痛苦，她一直亏欠工资和租金，销售额慢的像涓涓细流。
【2】Melchionda女士说，“没有投保最重要的企业停顿保险”。她已经投保了财产险和责任险，却从没有想到多买一张保单，以承担事故之后的收入损失。
企业主们有很多类似Melchionda女士的经历。他们的很多保单要么不足以涵盖所有损失，要么投保了错误的风险。关于保险的怨言，有些可以归咎于吝啬的保险公司或信息有误的代理人，更多却是因为企业家自己的保险决策不够全面。
独立的保险代理人Steven Spiro说，“一般来讲，干小生意的人并不太清楚他们拥有或需要的保险范围”。他解释，这些人买保险只是为了遵守办公室租赁条约的要求。
选择代理人
【3】买保险可能让人胆怯，很难知道哪些人是想利用你，哪些人是给你忠告。所以你应该咨询同行的企业家们，他们购买了何种保险以及是向谁购买的。有三类人可以帮你选择保险：独立代理人，专属代理人，风险咨询师。
独立代理人，别称“经纪人”，因为他们代表很多家保险公司，所以可以提供很好的选择。保险公司付他们佣金，一般是一张保单每年保险费的10%到20%。注意：由于某些保险公司付给更多佣金，这些经纪人可能受到诱惑，会有私心和偏爱。
专属代理人代表某一家保险公司，从该保险公司领取薪水，并对其绝对忠诚。一些诸如Allstate的公司只和自己的代理人打交道;也就是说，你只能通过该家保险公司的代理人来购买此公司的保险。
每年年末，按照卖出去的保险和赔偿损失之间的比率，独立代理人和专属代理人都可拿到奖金。这意味着，卖给你尽可能多的保险，而最小化你的索赔，是符合他们利益的。
也要理解，大部分代理人只注意保险。美国保险研究所主要从事小本生意研究的专家Arthur Flitner说，“有时候，没有保险，你的问题反而可能处理的更好。”比如说，建立基金以备不时之需，自己为自己投保来应对某些财产风险;或执行严格的雇佣政策，减少诉讼风险，从经济角度来看，这些更有意义。
这时就需要风险咨询师的帮助了。他们收费很高，一个简单的项目就要花费几千美元。【4】如果你的运作有很大风险，如果你的公司一年收入2500万美元，如果你的公司有100多名员工，这时候雇佣风险专家，才有意义。
找到了可信的代理人，接下来就要买保险了。你想去找多少个代理人都可以，但是需要记住：同样的保险项目，保险公司不会寻找不同的代理人。
选择保单
如果公司总值低于300万美元，你很有可能需要被称为B.O.P.的业主保单，它把业务保单集中在一起，还让你增添必要的保单。每个保险公司的B.O.P.都不一样，购买的时候，要确保自己进行了精确的比较。
如果公司总值高于300万美元，你可能必须分开购买保险。如果公司有几十名员工，做生意不得不买的保单有四个：