3.宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1)用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
例如:
if与whether都可以与or not连用,但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether;
We didn't know whether or not she was ready。(此时只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not。(此时则二者都可以用)
后接动词不定式时,用whether;
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?
2) 用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍, 由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
3)用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
例如:
I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing。
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
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