摘要：表示否定意义的副词
一、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装
某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never，seldom ， rarely，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely/ barely...when，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not until，not only...but also等等。
1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于进行"比较"，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1)Never before that night _______ the extent of my own power.
A)had I felt
C)did I feel
B)I felt
D)I had felt(CET-4，1988.6-61，选A)
2)_______ so many people in the U.S. been out of work as today.
A)More than ever before have
B)Formerly，there never were
C)Never before have
D)In the past，there never have (CET-4，1994.6-53，选C)
2、no sooner ...than，hardly /scarcely/ barely ...when位于句首，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1)_______ his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean.
A)Hardly had he opened
B)No sooner did he open
C)Scarcely did he open
D)He had no sooner opened (CET-4，1994.6-59，选A)
2)_______ she realized it was too late to go home.
A)No sooner it grew dark than
B)Hardly did it grow dark that
C)Scarcely had it grown dark when
D)It was until dark that (CET-4，2000.1-61，选C)
3、在由neither，nor开头、引导的表示"前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或事物)"的句子中，要求用倒装结构，neither，nor为"否定的附和"。例如：
1)The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，_______ .
A)and neither had the chairs
B)and the chairs weren't either
C)and not the chairs either
D)and neither the chairs had been(CET-4，1994.6-46，选A)
2)I could not persuade him to accept it， _______ make him see the importance of it.
A)if only I could not
B)no more than I could
C)or I could not
D)nor could I (CET-4，1995.1-42，选D)
3)The organization had broken no rules， but _______ had it acted responsibly.
A)neither
B)so
C)either
D)both (CET-4，1996.1-33，选A)
但是，neither用作主语或主语的一部分时，不用倒装结构。例如：
4)_______ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.
A)None
B)Either
C)Both
D)Neither (CET-4，1994.1-52，选D)
5)Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _______ .
A)has been accepted
B)have been accepted
C)was accepted
D)were accepted (CET-4，1998.1-33，选C)
4、含有not until的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。例如：
1)Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground.
A)had he arrived
B)would he have arrived
C)did he arrive
D)should he have arrived (CET-4，2000.6-23，选C)
2)Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation.
5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1)Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources.
2)Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country.
6、含有"no"、表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类介词短语有：at no point(决不)，at no time，by no means，in no case，in no circumstances，in no sense，in no shape，in no way，in no wise， on no account，on no consideration，under no circumstances，in no time(立刻)，in vain(徒劳)，not once，still less等等。例如：
1)We have been told that under no circumstances_______the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A)may we use
B)we may use
C)we could use
D)did we use (CET-4，1999.6-60，选A)
2)At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first.