【摘要】：威廉希尔app 整理了研究发现我们经常使用的学习策略，如重读和划重点，都是最没有效率的学习技巧之一。那么什么学习技巧对我们是最有效的方法呢?请看以下具体内容。
The Worst
最差学习技巧
Highlighting and underlining led the authors’ list of ineffective learning strategies. Although they are common practices, studies show they offer no benefit beyond simply reading the text. Some research even indicates that highlighting can get in the way of learning; because it draws attention to individual facts, it may hamper the process of making connections and drawing inferences.
在这些作者最没有效率的学习策略列表中，突出显示和下划线的划重点方式排在第一位。虽然这些都是很常见的学习做法，但是研究表明除了帮助阅读文本之外，这些没有任何益处。一些研究中甚至显示，划重点有可能会影响学习进程;因为划重点会让人把吸引力转向了各个独立的事实，它有可能会妨碍学习者理清各个事实间的关系和做出推论。
Nearly as bad is the practice of rereading, a common exercise that is much less effective than some of the better techniques you can use. Lastly, summarizing, or writing down the main points contained in a text, can be helpful for those who are skilled at it, but again, there are far better ways to spend your study time. Highlighting, underlining, rereading and summarizing were all rated by the authors as being of “low utility.”
与划重点差不多的另外一个学习策略是重读，这也是一种常见的做法，比起其他好的策略来说效率更低一些。最后，做汇总或是列出文章中的主要观点对于擅长做这些事的人来说是有帮助的，但是同刚才的策略一样，还有一些策略要比总结好得多，更能充分利用时间。突出显示、下划线、重读和做汇总都被论文作者们评为“实用性低”的学习技巧。
The Best
最佳学习技巧
In contrast to familiar practices like highlighting and rereading, the learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the psych lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This tactic involves spreading out your study sessions, rather than engaging in one marathon.
与人们通常使用的划重点、重读相反，那些最好的、有最多论证支持的学习策略，出了心理学实验室反而就没什么人知道了。比如说，分散式学习。这种学习策略的方法是把学习的时间分散开来，而不是像跑马拉松一样地一次性完成学习。
Cramming information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from memory. It’s much more effective to dip into the material at intervals over time. And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
在最后一分钟把信息塞进脑子里，有可能可以帮助你顺利通过考试或者会议，但是这些信息会很快从记忆中消失。在不同的时间段深入研究学习材料是更有效的学习方法。另外，无论是两周也好两年也好，如果希望能把这些信息记得越久，就越需要延长分散式学习的时间间隔。