【摘要】：精品学习整理了倾听在人际关系中是最重要的因素，它也会影响我们在工作中的关系和相互作用，而且也会影响到我们工作的效率和质量。几条方式让你做一个主动的倾听者。
1. Give focused attention
集中注意力
Try to minimize external distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what you’re doing if possible. Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue. Don’t watch the clock, fidget or go over your to-do list for later.
尽量减少外部干扰。将噪声降低，如果可能的话请停止你正在做的事情。同时，抛开其他的思维活动和内心对话。不要看表、坐立不安或者翻看你的待办事项。
2. Maintain eye contact
保持眼神接触
Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. This doesn’t mean stare though. Intense eye contact can be intimidating to some—especially the shy or introverted. Be reasonable, but try not to let your eyes wander to whatever is going on around you.
直接的目光接触表现了你倾听的注意力和意图，但这不表示要盯着看。激烈的眼神接触可能吓到一些人——特别是害羞或性格内向的人。要有合理的眼神接触，但是不要让眼神游离于周围发生的事情上。
3. Smile
微笑
Facial expressions convey a lot, and a smile is open, inviting, and encouraging.
面部表情传达了很多信息，微笑是坦率、有魅力、鼓舞的表达。
4. Watch body language
注意身体语言
Be conscious of your body language. Keep an open posture, a non-aggressivestance, face the speaker(s), lean in rather than away, watch your hands, how you tilt your head and your expressions. (For instance, I tend to cross my arms in front of me because it feels comfortable and wrinkle my brow because I’m concentrating, but this body language can appear defensive or critical, so I need to make an effort to soften a bit.) Pay attention to the speaker’s body language as well. It works both ways.
要对你的身体语言多加注意。做出坦率的姿势，不要有攻击性，面对着谈话者，靠向他而不是远离他，不要夹着手，注意头部倾斜的角度和表情。(比如，我因为舒适而倾向于双手环抱在胸前，因为专注而略微皱眉头，但是这种身体语言表示防卫和批判，因此我需要努力变得温和一些。)同时，注意讲话者的身体语言。这种语言是双向的。
5. Offer encouragement
给予鼓励
Nod occasionally, and offer a judiciously placed ‘Yes,’ “OK”. ‘I understand”, or“Good”. Just be careful not to overdo it or you risk coming across as irritating or rushing. If used sparingly and authentically, encouragement is affirming.
偶尔点头，并且在合适的时机说“是的”、“好的”、“我理解”和“不错”等话。但是请注意，这些词语不能过量使用，否则你会给人恼怒和冲动的印象。如果我们偶尔正确地使用它们，那就肯定可以给予他人鼓励。
6. Allow silence
允许沉默
Silence in a conversation can be scary, but a pause allows the speaker to gather their thoughts and for you to digest what is being said.
在一场谈话中，沉默看起来很吓人，但是暂停可以让讲话者整理他的想法，并且让你消化已经说过的话。