【摘要】:威廉希尔app 整理了一个企业和医院的合作是分不开的，那么医生和药品局也是密不可分的，下面我们来揭秘一些药医利益关系的招数都有哪些?
America’s health-care market, the world’s biggest, is particularly busy. In 2012 pharmaceutical companies spent more than $24 billion marketing drugs to doctors, according to Cegedim Strategic Data, a research firm; 35% of doctors accept food, entertainment or travel from the pharmaceutical industry, said a survey by Deloitte last year, while 16% accept consulting or speaking fees. In most states, doctors take regular courses to maintain their licences. In 2011 drug and device companies sponsored nearly a third of the medical training tracked by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.
美国拥有世界上最大的医疗市场。如今，该市场相当热闹。据调查公司Cegedim Strategic Data 称，2012年制药企业为了向医生推销药品，所花费用超过240亿美元;根据德勤去年做的一份调查显示，35%的医生接受了制药行业的宴请或其提供的免费旅游，而16%的医生收受了咨询费，或者说演讲费。大部分州的医生为维持医师资格证，需要定期接受培训。2011年美国继续医学教育认证委员会(Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education)发现，其追踪调查的医学培训机构中有近1/3是由医药和器械公司赞助。
Such chumminess has long raised fears about undue influence. In 2008 two health-industry groups set tighter, voluntary standards for companies. In 2009 America’s Institute of Medicine, an advisory body, urged much stricter regulation to prevent conflicts of interest.
一直以来，人们都担心医商之间的这种亲密无间会带来不好的影响。2008年，两家医疗健康产业集团为企业制定了更严格的自愿性质标准。2009年，美国顾问团医院研究所(America’s Institute of Medicine)敦促要加强监管力度，防止利益纠纷。
Legislative action, though, has been slow, especially at the federal level. The Sunshine law, passed as part of Barack Obama’s health reform, is the first national requirement for transparency. Each year drug and device firms must disclose payments and other “transfers of value” to doctors. They must also report research fees and doctors’ investment interests. The first filing will appear on a public database by September 30th, 2014.
不过美国在立法方面行动一直很慢，尤其是联邦层级的立法。“阳光法案”是作为巴拉克??奥巴马医疗改革项目的一部分通过的，它是第一部为提高透明度的国家级法案。每年，医药和器械公司必须公开支付信息，以及其他用在医生身上的开销。他们也必须汇报研究经费、医生在医疗公司投资股权。第一批申报文案将于2014年9月30日前上传至公共数据库中。
The rule’s broader effects are uncertain. It does not limit firms’ interactions with doctors; it merely requires them to be reported. Certain marketing techniques, such as providing free drug samples, are exempt. And in some ways the law is already out of date. It regulates only doctors and some hospitals, not nurses, pharmacists or hospital bureaucrats who have a growing role in patients’ treatment.
这项规定会产生怎样更大范围的影响还不得而知。它并没有限制企业与医生之间的往来;仅仅只是要求他们上报相关信息。某些营销方案不在监管之列，比如为医生提供免费的药物样品。法律在某些方面已经过时了，它所监管的只有医生和某些医院，却不包括护士、药剂师或者医院的行政人员，而这些人在病人的治疗中发挥的作用越来越大。
Nevertheless, the Sunshine law is likely to lead to at least one change. Firms already have data on each doctor’s prescriptions, points out Chris Wright of ZS Associates, a consultancy. The Sunshine law will also provide them with exhaustive data on how much they and their competitors spend to market drugs to that doctor. This will let firms track which type of marketing spurs the most prescriptions. Companies will not stop wooing doctors. They may simply get better at it.
尽管如此，阳光法案至少可能带来一个转变。咨询公司Chris Wright of ZS Associates指出，制药企业已经掌握了每个医生的处方内容。阳光法案还将为这些企业提供详细数据，让他们了解自己和竞争对手在向医生推销药品时的花销情况。这将有利于企业追踪调查，找出最利于销售的推销方案。将来，企业还是会向医生献殷勤。但或许他们只是更擅长罢了。