练习1：
农历五月五日的端午节是为了纪念被昏庸君主贬官放逐而投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。最初人们将竹叶包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自尽的那条江，以祭祀亡灵。今天，人们在端午节时节举行龙舟赛，而粽子则由活生生的人来享用。
解析：
1.“农历五月五日”译为“the 5th day of the 5th lunar month(around early June)”，除了加lunar表示农历外，还补充说明在公历上的对应时间。
2. “被昏庸君主贬官放逐”译为“(be) in exile from a corrupt court”，其中in exile指贬官放逐，from a corrupt court取意义法，朝廷腐败实指君主昏庸。
3. “将竹叶包扎好的糯米粽子”译为“zongzi， a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves”。
4. “以祭祀亡灵” 译为“sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan's departed soul”，其中Qu Yuan's departed soul明确“亡灵”即“屈原的亡灵”。
5.以“人们”开头的句子在汉译英是往往进行主动转化成被动的处理，故“人们在端午节时节举行龙舟赛”译为“dragon boat races are held during the festival”。
译文：
The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month(around early June)is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan， an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi， a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves， who originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan's departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself. Today， however， dragon boat races are held during the festival and the Zongzi are consumed by the living.
练习2：
筷子是中餐桌上最具特色的用餐工具。我们中国人使用筷子的方法很有艺术性，各人有各人的方法，就好像签名一样，不尽一致。中国人一般都能随心所欲地用筷子夹起米饭、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海参。有些人还能夹起一整块易碎的豆腐。
解析：
1.“最具特色的用餐工具”译为“the most distinctive eating tool”。
2.“我们中国人使用筷子的方法”，首先应该先抓住“的”字，“的”字前面的句子作同位语修饰后面的“方法”，译为“The way we Chinese handle our chopsticks”。
3.“能随心所欲地”就译为“easily”。
4.“夹起”译为“pick up”。
5.“米饭、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海参”译为“a single tiny grain of rice， or a tiny piece of peas， or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber”。
6.“一整块易碎的豆腐”译为“a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily”。
译文：
Chopsticks，or kuaizi，are the most distinctive eating tool on Chinese dining table. The way we Chinese handle our chopsticks is quite artistic and varied from person to person like one's signature. An average Chinese can very easily pick up a single tiny grain of rice，or a tiny piece of peas， or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber. Some people are able to pick up a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily.
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