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2013四级翻译试题本来会有机会活下来与讲解
The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
[解题步骤]:
第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。
第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”
核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”，“活下来”作宾语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive
2.重新组合：would have a chance to survive.
[正确答案]：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival
[翻 译]：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。
[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done
有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth----
[语法讲解]：“虚拟语气”
考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：
第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子
1. 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]
If I were you , I would marry him.
如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
2. 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.
如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
3. 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有：
insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中
第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。
It is time (that) we went to bed .
咱们该睡觉了。
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