I've decided to do what I like.

I'll teach you if you like.

4)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but..., can't help but..., prefer to do rather than do..., would do... rather than... 之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。

We have nothing to do now but wait.

I can not but admire his courage.

He has no choice but to accept the fact.

5)在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。

I'm really puzzled what to think or say.

但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。

I came not to scold but to praise you.

6)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。

Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?

7)动词不定式与be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

I don’t want to wait for him， but l have to.

—Why didn’t you come to our party?

—I was going to，but l had a report to write.

8)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。

Don't go till I tell you to.

9)动词不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish，expect，allow，permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。

You'd better give a performance if you are asked to.

He didn't come, though we had invited him to.

10)动词不定式在happy， glad， eager，anxious，willing， ready等形容词等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。

—Will you join me in a walk?

—I'll be happy to.

注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。

—Are you a doctor?

—No, but I used to be.

四、反意疑问句

1、反意疑问句的结构形式：

反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。

You are to go home via Hongkong, aren’t you?

(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)

They didn’t raise many questions at the press conference, did they?

(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)

2、反意疑问句的答语

在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。

----You are not going out today, are you?　　----No, I am not.

你今天不出去，是吗?　是的，我今天不出去。

(“不出去”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。)

构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：

1)、当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)

Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?

No one was hurt, was he?

2)、当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it.

Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?

3)、当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。

One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?

4)、当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时，反意疑问部分的主语常用he。

Man is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?

5)、当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。

There used to be a shop, didn’t there?

6)、当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。

Few people know him, do they?

Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

You have nothing else to say, have you?

7)、当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。

Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?

He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?

8)、当陈述部分是I’m …结构时，反意疑问部分常用aren’t I

I am late, aren’t I?

9)、 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。

If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?

Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?

10)、当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转移。

I think he is a thief, isn’t he?

I don’t think he can do it well, can he?

11)、当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。

He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?

He doesn’t have an English dictionary, does he?

12)、当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。

You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?

We have to do it, don’t we?

13)、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。

He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?

14)、当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.

Help me to do it, will you?

Don’t go there, will you?

◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：

以Let’s 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.

以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.

Let’s go now, shall we?　(我们去，你也去)

Let us go shopping, will you?　(我们去，你不去)

15)、当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。

He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?

16)、当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。

It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?

17)、当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.

What a cold day, isn’t it?

18)、当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致;

◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。

He can’t be Mr. Chen, is he?(相当于I don’t think he is Mr. Chen.)

He must be very tired, isn’t he?　(相当于：I believe he is very tired.)

◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。

You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?

(相当于：I think you saw the film last week.)

It can’t have snowed last week, did it?　(相当于：I don’t think it snowed last week.)

◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。

You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you?　(相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)

He can’t have known the news, has he?　(相当于：I don’t think he has known the news.)

You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?

(相当于：I think you have waited for a long time.)

19)、当陈述部分含有情态动词mustn’t表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分常用must.

You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

20)、当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身;作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。

He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?

She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?

21)、当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtn’t (有时也可用shouldn’t.)

The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?

五年高考

A组      2012年全国高考题组

1.【2012浙江卷,19】 Had they known what was coming next, they________  second thoughts.

A. may have B. could have C. must have had   D. might have had

【考点】虚拟语气中的情态动词

【答案】D

【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。

2.【2012江苏卷,25】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?

A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he

【考点】特殊句式—反义问句

【答案】A

【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。

3.【2012山东卷,31】 — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.

— _________. I can’t stand all this rain.

A. I don’t care    B. It’s hard to say

C. So am I          D. I hope not

【答案】C

【解析】当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式;肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。句意：---我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。---我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。

【考点】考查倒装句的用法。

4.【2012全国新课程,34】 You have to move out of the way        the truck cannot get past you.

A. so                              B. or

C. and                            D. but

【答案】B

【解析】此处or表示“否则”。句意：你必须躲开，否则卡车过不去。

【考点】考查并列连词。

5.【2012湖南高考真题,30】 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.

A. who B. that C. where D. before

【答案】B

【考点】本题考查强调句。