5.省略定语

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的他都存了起来。(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)

6.省略状语

(Even) The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聪明的人也不能无所不知。

Mary spoke (rudely), and John answered rudely. 玛丽说得粗鲁，约翰答得也粗鲁。

He was not hurt. (How) Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪!

三、 省略在句子中的运用

在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。

A. 简单句中的省略

1.依赖上下文的省略，在对话中最为常用。

Like more beer 再要点啤酒吗?(= Would you like more beer)

— Would you mind if I used your telephone 用一下你的电话，你介意吗?

— Not at all. 一点也不。(= I do not mind at all.)

— Will he pass this examination他这次考试会通过吗?

— Probably. 大概会的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)

提示：

被省略的部分一般可以根据上下文在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而显得累赘或不合乎习惯。

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。(在two后补上hours显得罗嗦。)

It is now ten to seven. 现在七点十分。(如说It is now ten minutes to seven o'clock. 显得累赘)

No parking. 禁止停车。(= No parking is allowed here. 告示用语，补上不合乎习惯。)

2.不依赖于上下文的省略。

All aboard!  请上船。(=All go aboard. 省略谓语)

What exciting news! 多么令人激动的消息啊!(= What exciting news it is! 省略主语+谓语)

Sounds like a good idea. 听上去是个好主意。(= It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语)

Everybody appears well prepared. 看起来大家都准备好了。(=Everybody appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式to be)

B. 并列句中的省略

并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分。

1.省略出现在后一分句。

John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。(省略主语)

Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞食下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。(省略谓语)

I have been to Beijing and (I have) seen the Great Wall. 我到过北京，见到了万里长城。(省略主语+助动词)

I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film).  我请他去看电影，但他不想去。(省略作宾语的不定式)

注意：

为了避免重复，不定式可以省去与句子前面重复的动词原形，但不定式符号to必须保留(详见第5章)。

—Will you join in the game 你愿意参加这项活动吗?

—I'd be glad to (join in the game). 我很乐意参加。

I didn't want to go there, but I had to (go there). 我不想去那里，但没办法。

2.省略出现在前一分句。

We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will, win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。(前一分句省略谓语+宾语)

I wished (to find him), yet feared to find him. 我又想找到他，又怕找到他。

3.前后两个分句都出现省略。

They can (pay the full fee) and (they) should pay the full fee. 他们能够也应该支付全部费用。

I'll fly to (Guangzhou), but (I'll) drive back from Guangzhou. 我将飞往广州，但开车回来。

C.复合句中的省略

在主从复合句中，省略的现象是很普遍的。

1.省略主句的句首部分。

(I'm) Sorry I couldn't go. 很抱歉，我不能去。

(Is there) Nothing more you want to say 你没什么要补充吗?

2.省略整个主句或主句的一部分(回答问题时常用)。

(It is a ) Pity he's failed. 很遗憾，他失败了。

If he says he'll come, he will (come). 如果他说来，他就一定会来。

What (will happen) if it's raining 如果天下雨怎么办?

— Where is it 那东西在哪里?

—(It is) Where you left it. 就在你放的地方。

— How are you getting on with your English 你的英语学得怎么样?

— (I'm) Not (getting on) so well as I expected.没有我预计的那样好。

— Will you go abroad soon 你很快要出国吗?

— (I'll) Not (go abroad) until I graduate from the college next summer. 要到明年夏天大学毕业后才走。

3.在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。

①以when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语从句

When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。

Whenever (it is) possible, you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间，你应多讲英语。(省略的主语it并不和主句的主语一致)

Please come as soon as (it is) possible. 请尽快来。

注意：

由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词。

The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在使用前必须检查。

【误】The old machine must be checked before used. (动词的-ed形式不可做介词的宾语)

【正】The old machine must be checked before being used.

He told me the truth after he was asked three times. 问了他三遍他才告诉我真相。

【误】He told me the truth after asked three times.

【正】He told me the truth after being asked three times.

②以as if, as though等连词引导的方式状语从句

She lay there, as if (she was) dead. 她躺在那儿，好像死了。(省略的主语和主句的主语一致)

He opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇，好像要说什么话似的。

③以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句

We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient. 如果方便的话，我们八点钟出发。

Correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if (there are) any. 如果下面句子中有错，请加以改正。

English words are easily forgotten unless (they are) constantly repeated. 英语单词不经常重复是很容易忘记的。

④以even if, even though, though, although, whether等连词引导的让步状语从句

Frost is possible, though (it is) not probable, even at the end of May. 甚至在五月底下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性不太大。

Whether (it is) difficult or not, we will try our best to complete the task. 不管任务是否艰巨，我们都要尽力去完成。

Whatever the cause (may be), the result is certain. 不论原因是什么，结果是确定的。

Though (he is) young, he knows a lot. 他虽然年轻但懂得很多。

提示：

在这类从句中，如果be是助动词，后面跟着现在分词或过去分词，只要主语和从句中的主语相同，也可以把从句中的主语和助动词be省略掉。

He hurt his leg while (he was) riding a horse. 他在骑马时伤了腿。

When (you are) cycling, don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。

Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦看见，就永远不会忘记。

If (it is) burnt, rubber can give off a poisonous gas. 橡胶如果燃烧起来，会发出有毒气体。