S1: Me. Listen! 心平何劳持戒，行直何用修禅，恩则孝养父母，义则上下相怜。让则尊卑和睦，忍则众恶无喧。若能钻木取火，淤泥定生红莲。

T：Very good! Thank you. I think knowledge is important. But wisdom is more important. If a person only knows how to invent and creat something, but doesn’t think over whether his inventions can bring people the true happiness; or he only does thing for his or his group’s interest. Moreover, sometimes what he made can do harm to society, then he will be the most dangerous person in the world. The poem above is very easy to understand. If you do things as it tells us, you can turn out to be a wise man who will bring the world the happiness.

Well, today we are going to do some reading. Please turn to Page 13. We’ll read this material first.

Step Ⅱ Reading

There are three tasks in this step. First, teacher can ask students to read the articles one paragraph by one paragraph. Ask them some questions about these passages. There are three paragraphs in the article. In each passage, there are one or two questions. When students finish these questions, they will find that the structure of the text has turned up.

T: Wonderful! Homework check is over. In the last two periods we talked about agriculture. As people’s living condition improves, more and more people are concerned about what they eat. In fact more and more people become worried about the quality of the food they eat. Because more and more farmers use chemical fertilizer instead of natural waste from animals and they use poison to kill insects to protect their plants. So people now all want to eat green food which does no harm to their health. They are more concerned about organic farming. Now let’s read the text and know something about organic farming.

Task 1: Questions about the text.

Show the questions on the screen:

1. What is the organic farming?

2. What is the advantage of using natural fertilizer?

3. What is the disadvantage of using chemical fertilizers?

4. What’s the main idea of paragraph 3?

5. Why do farmers grow their crops in such ways?

T: Boys and girls, today we’ll read the text one paragraph by one paragraph. Now please read the first paragraph quickly, and find the answer to the first question: what is the organic farming?

S1: Organic farming refers to crops growing with natural rather than chemical fertilizers.

T: Good. Now read the second paragraph quickly and find the answer to this question: what are the advantage of using natural fertilizer?

S2: Make the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.

T: anything else?

S3: Reduce diseases in crops and help them grow strong and healthy. Besides, keep the air, soil and water as well as the food supply free from chemical.

T: What is the disadvantage of using chemical fertilizers?

S4: Let me answer it. There are three disadvantages. Firstly, leaving chemicals in the ground for a long time is not good for the soil or the water supply. Secondly, farmers often grow the same crop year after year. As a result, the soil gets exhausted. Thirdly, chemical fertilizers kill both helpful and harmful bacteria and pests.

Main idea of the passage

Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, so organic farming is becoming

more popular.

Structure of the text

I using chemical fertilizers for a long time can hurt the land and also people’s health

II Problem caused by chemical fertilizers

1. Damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones

2. Lead to cancer or other illness.

3. Food grown with chemical fertilizers look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.

Ⅲ Organic farming is becoming more popular with some farmers and many customers after these discoveries came out.

IV Other methods to keep the soil fertile.

附件1

Is organic food safe?

Yes. Organic food is as safe to consume as any other kind of food. Just as with any kind of produce, consumers should wash before consuming to ensure maximum cleanliness. As cited above, organic produce contains significantly lower levels of pesticide residues than conventional produce. It is a common misconception that organic food could be at greater risk of E. coli contamination because of raw manure application although conventional farmers commonly apply tons of raw manure as well with no regulation whatsoever. Organic standards set strict guidelines on manure use in organic farming: Either it must be first composted, or it must be applied at least 90 days before harvest, which allows ample time for microbial breakdown of any pathogens.

Why does organic cost more?

The cost of organic food is higher than that of conventional food because the organic price tag more closely reflects the true cost of growing the food: substituting labor and intensive management for chemicals, the health and environmental costs of which are borne by society. These costs include cleanup of polluted water and remediation of pesticide contamination. Prices for organic foods include costs of growing, harvesting, transportation and storage. In the case of processed foods, processing and packaging costs are also included. Organically produced foods must meet stricter regulations governing all these steps than conventional foods. The intensive management and labor used in organic production are frequently (though not always) more expensive than the chemicals routinely used on conventional farms. There is mounting evidence that if all the indirect costs of conventional food production were factored into the price of food, organic foods would cost the same, or, more likely, be cheaper than conventional food.

附件2

INTERNATIONAL COALITION PROPOSES WORLD HUNGER REFORMS

From IVU News 2001

Rome, Italy, May 28 [2002] - An international coalition promoting plant-based solutions to world hunger proposed sweeping reforms to delegates to the Food and Agriculture Organization meeting on world food security in Rome. The purpose of the meeting was to repair a flawed process that was supposed to reduce the number of chronically hungry people in the world by half by the year 2015.

The coalition’s position paper makes several creative points to clear the impasse:

A key root cause of world hunger, aside from natural disasters, pests, and wars, has been the insistence first by colonial powers and now by corporate interests on production of cash crops for export, in place of sufficient nutritious, safe, and accessible food for the local population.

International trade can not solve world hunger because it shifts limited agricultural resources to production of cash crops for export, and people who don’t have access to food and other basic necessities of life have nothing to trade.

Westem meat industries, facing public awareness of the health impacts and strict environmental regulations at home, seek to exploit the natural resources, cheap labor, and potential markets of low-income food-deficient nations (LIFDNs).

The definition of food security as the sustainable availability of sufficient amounts of nutritious, safe, and accessible foodstuffs leads inevitably to the choice of plant-based solutions and the avoidance of animal-based solutions.

Affluent nations should act upon their moral obligation to provide the resources necessary to transport and distribute western food surpluses to the world’s hungry people and to help set up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious, safe, and accessible locally grown plant-based foods. They should reduce their own dependence on animal-based diets to release foodstuffs for the hungry.

LIFDNs should scrutinize carefully all offers of resources to make sure that these truly meet their needs, rather than those of western corporate interests. They should insist on building up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious, safe, and accessible locally grown plant-based foods.

In addition to distributing the position paper to the delegates, coalition activists also handed out leaflets at the FAO Rome headquarters. Additional actions are planned in connection with the World Food Summit to be held in Rome in November.

Members of the coalition include FARM , a U.S. non-profit organization which has promoted sustainable, humane farming practices since 1976, and two Italian groups, Societa Vegetariana (Milan) and Progetto Vivere Vegan (Florence).

附件3

Hunger: Vegetarian Solutions Now - Vegfam

By Freva Dinsha

Vegfam is a charitable organization with the mission to feed the hungry without exploitin animals.

It was founded in 1963 in England by Chris and Janet Aldous. Later Ruth and Friedenstern Howard became Trustees.. Frieden and others continue its work today out of the office in Devon, England. (VEGFAM, The Sanctuary, Nr Lydford, Okehampton, Devon EX20 4AL, England) For over 30 years, Vegfam has been working with and influencing major charities around the world, by co-financing projects that do not exploit animals. Vegfam works through indigenous on-the-spot representatives, and works with existing charities to support immediate and long-term food and water-aid projects. In working with existing charities, Vegfam educates these groups about the need for relief efforts that do not feed the hungry at the expense of animals and the environment.

Short-term aid for famine victims includes purchasing grains, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, and providing water supplies. Long-term aid includes providing seeds for planting, irrigation projects, digging water wells, providing fruit and nut trees, providing vegetable plots and/or training people to grow vegetables, and Leaf Concentrate projects. Some of the countries aided by Vegfam are India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria/Biafra, Somalia, Syria, Lebanon, Zimbabwe, and many more.

In 1994 help was sent to Angola, Rwanda, and Bosnia. Donations made in 1995 were, in ￡ sterling; (￡1 =  about $1.60), and the amounts are small compared to need, to:

MALAWI (Monkey Bay) ￡1,000 to finance running a Fruit Tree Nursery . The project is done in conjunction with Concern Universal and the Wildlife Society of Malawi.

INDIA (Madurai) ￡1,265 for two wells in Karumbalai for poor villagers who would otherwise have to walk afar. ￡1,935 to feed orphans in the orphanage at Chathirpatti. (The orphans are taken in from various disasters in India: flood, earthquake, plague, etc.) Both of these efforts are in support of the work of Pastor Jesudoss.

INDIA (Jaipur) ￡500 for the leaf concentrate child feeding programs run by Find Your Feet,

INDIA (Himalayas Kumaon) ￡500 for a medicinal and culinary herb nursery which will help subsistence farmers earn a living and overcome a food shortage, and preserve the wild-growing herbs that are being excessively harvested.

EL SALVADOR ￡2,500 for growing and drying cowpea leaves to add to children’s snacks to alleviate malnutrition, in cooperation with a local agency, and Find Your Feet.

So far in 1996 donations have been made to:

INDIA, through Pastor Jesudoss: ￡500 to help feed refugees from Sri Lanka, and ￡1,220 to the orphanage.

ZAMBIA: ￡3,000 for a maize grinding mill, donated through the Zambian Society Of Vegetarians.

MEXICO: ￡2,000 for a dried leaf project of FIND YOUR FEET with cooperation of a local agency.

NIGERIA, and awaiting funding, is a soy flour distribution project to be conducted by the Nigerian Vegetarian Society.

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