不定式是这一节重要的语法知识。威廉希尔app 高中频道整理了高二英语导学案：Module 7 Unit 1  Living Well，希望能帮助教师授课!

【Task one】基础知识测一测

不定式的时间关系

(1) They pretended not to see us. (2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before. (4) We’re happy to have been working with you.. 不定式的 式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。不定式的 式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。不定式的 式①表示动作发生在谓语动作之前; ②表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划; ③在would like后边表示未能实现的愿望。不定式的 式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。三、不定式的否定形式 。 三、固定词组和句型

1.几对易混淆的词组：(Write down as much examples as you can on the right.) 1.stop 停下来去做某事 stop 停止做某事 2.forget 忘记去做某事 forget 忘记已做了某事 3.remember 记得去做某事 remember 记得曾经做某事 2. 主动形式表被动意义的不定式

⑴主语 + be + adj. + to do

The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with. 能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc. ⑵主语 + be + adj. + enough + to do

The box is light enough to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in. ⑶ 主语 + be + too + adj. + to do

The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on. 【Task Two】自主探究：动词不定式的作用

1 不定式作主语 (subject) To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English. 单个不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语 句型：It +be+adj. for/of sb to do sth.

It takes sb some time to do sth. 2 不定式作表语 (predicative) To see is to believe. /Seeing is believing. 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。 All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。 3 不定式作宾语 (object) 句型: think / consider / find it + adj. + to do

常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。 4 不定式作宾补 (object complement) My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. 引导不定式作宾补的动词： warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等+ sb. to do sth. 不定式做宾补时不带to的情况: 1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后; 2 使役动词 (let, have, make)后边作宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中要还原to; 3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。 1. She could do nothing but cry.

2. I have no choice but to go. 3. What do you like to do besides sleep. 5 不定式作定语 (attribute)

1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. Tom has a nice pen to write with. ★不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you. ★不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系： I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 (1) 动宾关系 He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。 (2)主谓关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。 (3)同位关系 ★当名词被the first, the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.

★ something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较： 1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you) 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)

★ 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需适当的介词。 Please pass me some paper to write on.. 6 不定式作状语 (adverbial)

1. 表示目的: to ,in order to, so as to 2. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词 sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等后作状语。 eg: I’m glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news. 3. 结果状语: Only to do

so + adj. / adv. + as to do … /such + n. + as to do …

adj. / adv. + enough + to do

too + adv. / adj. + to do

He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it. 7 独立结构 (absolute construction)

To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank /to be honest/to make things worse/to begin with 【Task Three】Practice:

I.从已学课文中找出动词不定式的相应例句，试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。

1. I used to . 2. Then I started . Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know , but I am very outgoing and have learned . 3. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. 4. Sometimes, too, I was so my education suffered. 5. My ambition is for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. 6. Last year I invented … and a big company has decided from me. 7. I also a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while. 8. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement . II: 翻译下面的句子。

1. 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 __________________ __ are both great happiness. 2. 据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said _________________________ ________. 3. 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported _______________ ____. 4. 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike ________________________ ___________. 5. 玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。 Mary seemed ________________ ______. 6. 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known ______________ ___ a gold medal at the Olympics.

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